Neural modeling and functional brain imaging: an overview
Neural Networks - Special issue on the global brain: imaging and modelling
The Effects of Presentation Rate During Word and Pseudoword Reading: A Comparison of PET and fMRI
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
A Parametric Approach to Orthographic Processing in the Brain: An fMRI Study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Neural Circuitry Involved in the Reading of German Words and Pseudowords: A PET Study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Conceptual Processing during the Conscious Resting State: A Functional MRI Study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: Ii. decreases in cerebral cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Dissociating Reading Processes on the Basis of Neuronal Interactions
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
An fMRI Investigation of Speech and Tone Segmentation
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Development of Brain Mechanisms for Processing Orthographic and Phonologic Representations
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
“What” and “Where” in Word Reading: Ventral Coding of Written Words Revealed by Parietal Atrophy
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Role of the Posterior Fusiform Gyrus in Reading
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Brain Activation for Lexical Decision and Reading Aloud: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Taxi vs. Taksi: On Orthographic Word Recognition in the Left Ventral Occipitotemporal Cortex
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
On the functional neuroanatomy of visual word processing: Effects of case and letter deviance
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The main sources of intersubject variability in neuronal activation for reading aloud
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Functional neuroanatomy of contextual acquisition of concrete and abstract words
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Investigating occipito-temporal contributions to reading with tms
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The literate brain: The relationship between spelling and reading
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Implicit processing of phonotactic cues: Evidence from electrophysiological and vascular responses
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Hi-index | 0.00 |
Several functional neuroimaging studies have compared words and pseudowords to test different cognitive models of reading. There are difficulties with this approach, however, because cognitive models do not make clear-cut predictions at the neural level. Therefore, results can only be interpreted on the basis of prior knowledge of cognitive anatomy. Furthermore, studies comparing words and pseudowords have produced inconsistent results. The inconsistencies could reflect false-positive results due to the low statistical thresholds applied or confounds from nonlexical aspects of the stimuli. Alternatively, they may reflect true effects that are inconsistent across subjects; dependent on experimental parameters such as stimulus rate or duration; or not replicated across studies because of insufficient statistical power. In this fMRI study, we investigate consistent and inconsistent differences between word and pseudoword reading in 20 subjects, and distinguish between effects associated with increases and decreases in activity relative to fixation. In addition, the interaction of word type with stimulus duration is explored. We find that words and pseudowords activate the same set of regions relative to fixation, and within this system, there is greater activation for pseudowords than words in the left frontal operculum, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, and the right cerebellum. The only effects of words relative to pseudowords consistent over subjects are due to decreases in activity for pseudowords relative to fixation; and there are no significant interactions between word type and stimulus duration. Finally, we observe inconsistent but highly significant effects of word type at the individual subject level. These results (i) illustrate that pseudowords place increased demands on areas that have previously been linked to lexical retrieval, and (ii) highlight the importance of including one or more baselines to qualify word type effects. Furthermore, (iii) they suggest that inconsistencies observed in the previous literature may result from effects arising from a small number of subjects only.