Towards a network theory of cognition
Neural Networks - Special issue on the global brain: imaging and modelling
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study on Category Effects: Bottom–Up or Top–Down Mediation?
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Neural Correlates of Lexical Access during Visual Word Recognition
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroimaging Studies of Word and Pseudoword Reading: Consistencies, Inconsistencies, and Limitations
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
fMRI Evidence for Dual Routes to the Mental Lexicon in Visual Word Recognition
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Task-Dependent Modulation of Regions in the Left Inferior Frontal Cortex during Semantic Processing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Effects of Presentation Rate During Word and Pseudoword Reading: A Comparison of PET and fMRI
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
A Parametric Approach to Orthographic Processing in the Brain: An fMRI Study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Neural Circuitry Involved in the Reading of German Words and Pseudowords: A PET Study
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Semantic System: Divisible by What?
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Role of the Posterior Fusiform Gyrus in Reading
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Neural Response Suppression Predicts Repetition Priming of Spoken Words and Pseudowords
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Brain Activation for Lexical Decision and Reading Aloud: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The main sources of intersubject variability in neuronal activation for reading aloud
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The literate brain: The relationship between spelling and reading
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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Previous studies of patients with phonological and surface alexia have demonstrated a double dissociation between the reading of pseudo words and words with atypical spelling-to-sound relationships. A corresponding double dissociation in the neuronal activation patterns for pseudo words and exception words has not, however, been consistently demonstrated in normal subjects. Motivated by the literature on acquired alexia, the present study contrasted pseudo words to exception words and explored how neuronal interactions within the reading system are influenced by word type. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure neuronal responses during reading in 22 healthy volunteers. The direct comparison of reading pseudo words and exception words revealed a double dissociation within the left frontal cortex. Pseudo words preferentially increased left dorsal premotor activation, whereas exception words preferentially increased left pars triangularis activation. Critically, these areas correspond to those previously associated with phonological and semantic processing, respectively. Word-type dependent interactions between brain areas were then investigated using dynamic causal modeling. This revealed that increased activation in the dorsal premotor cortex for pseudo words was associated with a selective increase in effective connectivity from the posterior fusiform gyrus. In contrast, increased activation in the pars triangularis for exception words was associated with a selective increase in effective connectivity from the anterior fusiform gyrus. The present investigation is the first to identify distinct neuronal mechanisms for semantic and phonological contributions to reading.