Recognizing Mathematical Expressions Using Tree Transformation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Mathematics recognition using graph rewriting
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
Application of Fuzzy Logic to Online Recognition of Handwritten Symbols
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Principles of Compiler Design (Addison-Wesley series in computer science and information processing)
Principles of Compiler Design (Addison-Wesley series in computer science and information processing)
Recognition of online handwritten mathematical expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Fuzzy spatial analysis techniques for mathematical expression recognition
ICAISC'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and soft computing: Part I
A global learning approach for an online handwritten mathematical expression recognition system
Pattern Recognition Letters
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Including mathematical expressions in documents can be a tiresome and difficult process. A recognition system for handwritten mathematical expressions would greatly simplify the task, enabling users to enter expressions in an intuitive manner. In this paper a powerful yet efficient approach to handwritten mathematical expression recognition is presented. Our approach is built upon traditional shift-reduce parsing methods which have linear complexity, thus providing the necessary syntax checking and also the basis for an efficient system. Fuzzy logic is introduced to the basic parsing framework, which is appropriate given the ambiguous nature of symbol identities and spatial relationships in handwritten expressions. Multiple parses are explored whenever strong ambiguities arise, and the most likely expression tree is selected as the result.