Audio system for technical readings
Audio system for technical readings
Ambiguity and constraint in mathematical expression recognition
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Mathematical Expressions Using Tree Transformation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Understanding mathematical expressions from document images
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2
The IRESTE On/Off (IRONOFF) Dual Handwriting Database
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A Technique of Mathematical Expression Structure Analysis for the Handwriting Input System
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Mathematics recognition using graph rewriting
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
PenCalc: A Novel Application of On-Line Mathematical Expression Recognition Technology
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Mathematical Formula Recognition Using Virtual Link Network
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Automatic Understanding of Structures in Printed Mathematical Expressions
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Recognition of On-line Handwritten Mathematical Formulas in the E-Chalk System
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Recognition of On-Line Handwritten Mathematical Expressions in the E-Chalk System - An Extension
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
Structural analysis of handwritten mathematical expressions through fuzzy parsing
ACST'06 Proceedings of the 2nd IASTED international conference on Advances in computer science and technology
A soft-decision approach for symbol segmentation within handwritten mathematical expressions
ICASSP '96 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06
Mathpad: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Recognition System for Handwritten Mathematics
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
Guido: A Musical Score Recognition System
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
Mathematical Formulae Recognition Using 2D Grammars
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
A Unified Framework for Symbol Segmentation and Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Expressions
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
Hybrid Mathematical Symbol Recognition Using Support Vector Machines
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
The Understanding and Structure Analyzing for Online Handwritten Chemical Formulas
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Towards Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Explicit Fuzzy Modeling of Shapes and Positioning for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Statistical Classification of Spatial Relationships among Mathematical Symbols
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Issues in Performance Evaluation: A Case Study of Math Recognition
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A method for the structural analysis of two-dimensional mathematical expressions
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Improving Online Handwritten Mathematical Expressions Recognition with Contextual Modeling
ICFHR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
The Problem of Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition Evaluation
ICFHR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
A Syntactic Approach for Handwritten Mathematical Formula Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Stroke-Based Performance Metrics for Handwritten Mathematical Expressions
ICDAR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
HAMEX - A Handwritten and Audio Dataset of Mathematical Expressions
ICDAR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
CROHME2011: Competition on Recognition of Online Handwritten Mathematical Expressions
ICDAR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Recognition of online handwritten mathematical expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Syntax-directed recognition of hand-printed two-dimensional mathematics
Symposium on Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics: Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Inc. Symposium
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Despite the recent advances in handwriting recognition, handwritten two-dimensional (2D) languages are still a challenge. Electrical schemas, chemical equations and mathematical expressions (MEs) are examples of such 2D languages. In this case, the recognition problem is particularly difficult due to the two dimensional layout of the language. This paper presents an online handwritten mathematical expression recognition system that handles mathematical expression recognition as a simultaneous optimization of expression segmentation, symbol recognition, and 2D structure recognition under the restriction of a mathematical expression grammar. The originality of the approach is a global strategy allowing learning mathematical symbols and spatial relations directly from complete expressions. A new contextual modeling is proposed for combining syntactic and structural information. Those models are used to find the most likely combination of segmentation/recognition hypotheses proposed by a 2D segmentation scheme. Thus, models are based on structural information concerning the symbol layout. The system is tested with a new public database of mathematical expressions which was used in the CHROME competition. We have also produced a large base of semi-synthetic expressions which are used to train and test the global learning approach. We obtain very promising results on both synthetic and real expressions databases, as well as in the recent CHROME competition.