Recognition of online handwritten mathematical expressions

Authors:
U. Garain;B. B. Chaudhuri
Affiliations:
Comput. Vision & Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India;-
Venue:
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Year:
2004

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Abstract

This paper aims at automatic understanding of online handwritten mathematical expressions (MEs) written on an electronic tablet. The proposed technique involves two major stages: symbol recognition and structural analysis. Combination of two different classifiers have been used to achieve high accuracy for the recognition of symbols. Several online and offline features are used in the structural analysis phase to identify the spatial relationships among symbols. A context-free grammar has been designed to convert the input expressions into their corresponding TEX strings which are subsequently converted into MathML format. Contextual information has been used to correct several structure interpretation errors. A new method for evaluating performance of the proposed system has been formulated. Experiments on a dataset of considerable size strongly support the feasibility of the proposed system.