Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Dynamic voltage scaling and power management for portable systems
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Dynamic voltage scheduling technique for low-power multimedia applications using buffers
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Minimizing energy for wireless web access with bounded slowdown
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Application-specific Network Management for Energy-Aware Streaming of Popular Multimedia Formats
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
PowerScope: A Tool for Profiling the Energy Usage of Mobile Applications
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
Scheduling for reduced CPU energy
OSDI '94 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
On Supporting Power-Efficient Streaming Applications in Wireless Environments
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy-efficient image transmission in sensor networks
International Journal of Sensor Networks
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Networked video sensors need to execute two dependent periodic tasks: video encoding and transmission. The dependency and periodicity often result in small idle intervals of CPU and wireless network interface card (WNIC). In this paper, we present a sender-buffering approach to exploit such idle intervals for energy saving. Specifically, a video sensor encodes frames in a timely fashion, but buffers encoded frames and transmits them in bursts at longer intervals. In doing so, it (1) accumulates short WNIC idle intervals into longer ones, during which the WNIC can enter the lower-power sleep mode, and (2) slows down the CPU by avoiding CPU idle intervals, which are resulted from both early completion of frame encoding and waiting for frame transmission. Our experimental results show that the buffering approach can save 32-80% CPU energy and 35- 54% WNIC energy, while increasing the overall end-to-end transmission delay by at most 2 frames.