Distance transformations in digital images
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
The nature of statistical learning theory
The nature of statistical learning theory
The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Trainable System for Object Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision - special issue on learning and vision at the center for biological and computational learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Example-Based Object Detection in Images by Components
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
EuroCOLT '95 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computational Learning Theory
Detecting Pedestrians Using Patterns of Motion and Appearance
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
An adaptable time-delay neural-network algorithm for image sequence analysis
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Multi-cue Pedestrian Detection and Tracking from a Moving Vehicle
International Journal of Computer Vision
Computer Vision Approaches to Pedestrian Detection: Visible Spectrum Survey
IbPRIA '07 Proceedings of the 3rd Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Part I
Objective Evaluation of Pedestrian and Vehicle Tracking on the CLEAR Surveillance Dataset
Multimodal Technologies for Perception of Humans
Sliding-Windows for Rapid Object Class Localization: A Parallel Technique
Proceedings of the 30th DAGM symposium on Pattern Recognition
A Performance Evaluation of Single and Multi-feature People Detection
Proceedings of the 30th DAGM symposium on Pattern Recognition
A support vector machine with integer parameters
Neurocomputing
Contour-motion feature (CMF): A space-time approach for robust pedestrian detection
Pattern Recognition Letters
Co-occurrence Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Pedestrian Detection
PSIVT '09 Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology
International Journal of Computer Vision
A genetic encoding approach for learning methods for combining classifiers
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Virus-evolutionary genetic algorithm based selective ensemble classifier for pedestrian detection
Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Asymmetric Learning for Pedestrian Detection Based on Joint Local Orientation Histograms
ISNN '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks on Advances in Neural Networks
Ensembles of Feature Subspaces for Object Detection
ISNN 2009 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks - Part II
Mixture of Gaussians Model for Robust Pedestrian Images Detection
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
A neural network approach to pedestrian detection
ICCOMP'09 Proceedings of the WSEAES 13th international conference on Computers
Efficient band approximation of Gram matrices for large scale kernel methods on GPUs
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis
Real-time pedestrian detection and tracking at nighttime for driver-assistance systems
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
A comprehensive evaluation framework and a comparative study for human detectors
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Optimal feature selection for support vector machines
Pattern Recognition
Cascade Classifier Using Divided CoHOG Features for Rapid Pedestrian Detection
ICVS '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems: Computer Vision Systems
AI*IA '09: Proceedings of the XIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence Reggio Emilia on Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence
Detecting pedestrians at very small scales
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Pedestrian recognition from a moving catadioptric camera
Proceedings of the 29th DAGM conference on Pattern recognition
Multiview pedestrian detection based on vector boosting
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
AdaBoost learning for human detection based on histograms of oriented gradients
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
Neural object recognition by hierarchical learning and extraction of essential shapes
BVAI'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Advances in brain, vision and artificial intelligence
PCM'07 Proceedings of the multimedia 8th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in multimedia information processing
On exploration of classifier ensemble synergism in pedestrian detection
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
AUC analysis of the pareto-front using multi-objective GP for classification with unbalanced data
Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Efficient update of the covariance matrix inverse in iterated linear discriminant analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters
Vision based approaches for driver assistance systems
ICAI'10 Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS international conference on Automation & information
Object recognition with hierarchical stel models
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part VI
Efficient approximate Regularized Least Squares by Toeplitz matrix
Pattern Recognition Letters
A novel features design method for cat head detection
AICI'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence: Part I
Combining different local binary pattern variants to boost performance
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Multiclass object classification for real-time video surveillance systems
Pattern Recognition Letters
Unsupervised moving object detection with on-line generalized hough transform
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part III
Pyramid center-symmetric local binary/trinary patterns for effective pedestrian detection
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part IV
Evolving ensembles in multi-objective genetic programming for classification with unbalanced data
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Fast human detection based on enhanced variable size HOG features
ISNN'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Advances in neural networks - Volume Part II
Fast and accurate pedestrian detection using a cascade of multiple features
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
A new pedestrian detection descriptor based on the use of spatial recurrences
CAIP'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns - Volume Part II
A corpus for benchmarking of people detection algorithms
Pattern Recognition Letters
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
Pedestrian detection in images via cascaded L1-norm minimization learning method
Pattern Recognition
Pedestrian recognition using second-order HOG feature
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II
Genetic programming for classification with unbalanced data
EuroGP'10 Proceedings of the 13th European conference on Genetic Programming
Distributed approximate spectral clustering for large-scale datasets
Proceedings of the 21st international symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing
Two-Tier genetic programming: towards raw pixel-based image classification
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Fast pedestrian detection system with a two layer cascade of classifiers
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Stel Component Analysis: Joint Segmentation, Modeling and Recognition of Objects Classes
International Journal of Computer Vision
Find you wherever you are: geographic location and environment context-based pedestrian detection
Proceedings of the ACM multimedia 2012 workshop on Geotagging and its applications in multimedia
Transfer learning for pedestrian detection
Neurocomputing
Linearized smooth additive classifiers
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Nested sequential minimal optimization for support vector machines
ICANN'12 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning - Volume Part II
ICCCI'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational Collective Intelligence: technologies and applications - Volume Part I
Applying case based reasoning for prioritizing areas of business management
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Segmentation of Pedestrians with Confidence Level Computation
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Spatial Recurrences for Pedestrian Classification
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Inductive manifold learning using structured support vector machine
Pattern Recognition
Unlabeled patterns to tighten Rademacher complexity error bounds for kernel classifiers
Pattern Recognition Letters
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
Pedestrian detection in far infrared images
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
Hi-index | 0.15 |
Detecting people in images is key for several important application domains in computer vision. This paper presents an in--depth experimental study on pedestrian classification; multiple feature-classifier combinations are examined with respect to their ROC performance and efficiency. We investigate global versus local and adaptive versus nonadaptive features, as exemplified by PCA coefficients, Haar wavelets, and local receptive fields (LRFs). In terms of classifiers, we consider the popular Support Vector Machines (SVMs), feed-forward neural networks, and k-nearest neighbor classifier. Experiments are performed on a large data set consisting of 4,000 pedestrian and more than 25,000 nonpedestrian (labeled) images captured in outdoor urban environments. Statistically meaningful results are obtained by analyzing performance variances caused by varying training and test sets. Furthermore, we investigate how classification performance and training sample size are correlated. Sample size is adjusted by increasing the number of manually labeled training data or by employing automatic bootstrapping or cascade techniques. Our experiments show that the novel combination of SVMs with LRF features performs best. A boosted cascade of Haar wavelets can, however, reach quite competitive results, at a fraction of computational cost. The data set used in this paper is made public, establishing a benchmark for this important problem.