On the problem of placing names in a geographic map
International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
An expert system for the automatic placement of names on a geographic map
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A packing problem with applications to lettering of maps
SCG '91 Proceedings of the seventh annual symposium on Computational geometry
A rule-based system for dense-map name placement
Communications of the ACM
Network flows: theory, algorithms, and applications
Network flows: theory, algorithms, and applications
LEDA: a platform for combinatorial and geometric computing
Communications of the ACM
An empirical study of algorithms for point-feature label placement
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Map labeling heuristics: provably good and practically useful
Proceedings of the eleventh annual symposium on Computational geometry
A unified approach to labeling graphical features
Proceedings of the fourteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry
An experimental comparison of four graph drawing algorithms
Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications
Efficient algorithms for counting and reporting pairwise intersections between convex polygons
Information Processing Letters
Map labeling and its generalizations
SODA '97 Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
On the complexity of the edge label placement problem
Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications
An Algorithm for Labeling Edges of Hierarchical Drawings
GD '97 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Graph Drawing
Polynomial time algorithms for three-label point labeling
Theoretical Computer Science - Computing and combinatorics
On labeling in graph visualization
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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We consider the problem of positioning text or symbol labels associated with graphical features of two dimensional maps (geographical or technical) or drawings. In many practical applications each graphical feature may have more than one label. The need for assigning multiple labels is necessary to display different attributes of an object. Even though many algorithms exist for the labeling problem, very little work has been directed towards positioning multiple labels per graphical feature in a map or drawing. We refer to this problem as the Multiple Label Placement (MLP) problem. In this paper we present a model and expand the rules that govern a good assignment of several labels per graphical feature. In addition we introduce techniques to solve this problem. We have applied these techniques to drawings of graphs, and we present very encouraging experimental results.