User interface design for computer systems
User interface design for computer systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Can computer personalities be human personalities?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Silicon sycophants: the effects of computers that flatter
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Anthropomorphism, agency, and ethopoeia: computers as social actors
CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Media Equation Does Not Always Apply: People are not Polite Towards Small Computers
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing social presence of social actors in human computer interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Etiquette equality: exhibitions and expectations of computer politeness
Communications of the ACM - Human-computer etiquette
Experience as a moderator of the media equation: the impact of flattery and praise
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Toward a more civilized design: studying the effects of computers that apologize
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
How users reciprocate to computers: an experiment that demonstrates behavior change
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Constructing computer-based tutors that are socially sensitive: Politeness in educational software
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Ethics and Information Technology
Computers in Human Behavior
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The mental scripts that prescribe the way people interact with other people or with computers are experientially characterized and context sensitive. For this reason, CASA research should be more sensitive to the divergent nature of social scripts, through which people respond to human features on interfaces and through which they treat computers as social actors. Using politeness as an example, this study first investigated people's politeness orientations, and then their perceptions of websites containing error pages with messages featuring three different politeness strategies. Two hundred thirty-four senior high school students participated in this three (politeness orientations) by three (error messages) by two (frustration levels)-factorial experiment. Three-way ANOVAs and simple main effects analyses showed that people with different politeness orientations do respond differently to messages with different politeness strategies and different levels of associated frustration. This study shows that more research effort should be focused on whether and how the CASA phenomenon manifests itself in different computer-use situations and/or with different people.