Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Digital Watermarks for Audio Signals
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Security in collaborative multimedia art communities
Proceedings of the 2009 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems: New Opportunities to increase Digital Citizenship
Quantization Step Parity-based Steganography for MP3 Audio
Fundamenta Informaticae
Quantization Step Parity-based Steganography for MP3 Audio
Fundamenta Informaticae
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In this work, we present a digital watermarking scheme for mpeg audio layer 3 audio files that operates directly in the compressed data while manipulating the time and subband/channel domain. In addition, it does not need the original signal to detect the watermark. Our scheme overcomes the disadvantage of algorithms operating in the PCM-Data domain to be vulnerable to compression/recompression attacks, as it places the watermark in the scale factors domain and not in the digitized sound audio data Moreover, our scheme does not need to specially encode the sound data into an mp3 file as it is done by MP3Stego. The strength of our scheme, that allows it to be used with success in both authentication and copyright protection, relies on the fact that the proof of ownership of the audio file is not accomplished simply by detecting the bit pattern that comprises the watermark itself, but by showing that the legal owner knows a hard to compute property of the watermarking string.