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Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Fingerprinting intellectual property using constraint-addition
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
An audio watermarking method using a two-dimensional pseudo-random array
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Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Information Hiding
A Digital Audio Watermarking Using Two Masking Effects
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Quantization Watermarking Schemes for MPEG-4 General Audio Coding
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ITCC '00 Proceedings of the The International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'00)
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Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
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Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
An Audio Watermarking Technique That Is Robust Against Random Cropping
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ICALP'05 Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Automata, Languages and Programming
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SEC'13 Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX conference on Security
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In this paper, we present a novel technique for embedding digital ``watermarks'' into digital audio signals. Watermarking is a technique used to label digital media by hiding copyright or other information into the underlying data. The watermark must be imperceptible or undetectable by the user and should be robust to attacks and other types of distortion. In our method, the watermark is generated by filtering a PN-sequence with a filter that approximates the frequency masking characteristics of the human auditory system. It is then weighted in the time domain to account for temporal masking. We discuss the detection of the watermark and assess the robustness of our watermarking approach to attacks and various signal manipulations.