Game play schemas: from player analysis to adaptive game mechanics

  • Authors:
  • Craig A. Lindley;Charlotte C. Sennersten

  • Affiliations:
  • Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden;Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Game research and development
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

Schema theory provides a foundation for the analysis of game play patterns created by players during their interaction with a game. Schema models derived from the analysis of play provide a rich explanatory framework for the cognitive processes underlying game play, as well as detailed hypotheses for the hierarchical structure of pleasures and rewards motivating players. Game engagement is accounted for as a process of schema selection or development, while immersion is explained in terms of levels of attentional demand in schema execution. However, schemas may not only be used to describe play, but might be used actively as cognitive models within a game engine. Pre-designed schema models are knowledge representations constituting anticipated or desired learned cognitive outcomes of play. Automated analysis of player schemas and comparison with predesigned target schemas can provide a foundation for a game engine adapting or tuning game mechanics to achieve specific effects of engagement, immersion and cognitive skill acquisition by players. Hence schema models may enhance the play experience as well as provide a foundation for achieving explicitly represented pedagogical or therapeutic functions of games.