Usability problem identification using both low- and high-fidelity prototypes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PatchWork: a software tool for early design
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shape-based versus sketch-based UI prototyping: a comparative study
Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Symposium on on Human Factors in Computing Systems and the 5th Latin American Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
UISKEI: a sketch-based prototyping tool for defining and evaluating user interface behavior
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
An Empirical Study of the “Prototype Walkthrough”: A Studio-Based Activity for HCI Education
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
UISKEI++: multi-device wizard of oz prototyping
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
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Because they are easy to create and modify, low fidelity prototypes are commonly used in early evaluations of user interface designs. Designers typically use either pen-and-paper or various computer-based tools to create and test low fidelity prototypes; however, our informal analyses of these existing technologies indicate that they do not optimally support the two key, complementary tasks of (a) prototype creation and (b) wizard of oz testing. To address this problem, we have been developing WOZ Pro (Wizard of Oz Prototyper), a pen-based software environment for the quick and easy creation and testing of low fidelity user interface prototypes. We are designing WOZ Pro to be as easy to use as pen-and-paper, but to hold key advantages over pen-and-paper and existing computer-based tools. When designing interface screens in WOZ Pro, designers can easily (a) propagate a design change to other related screens, and (b) specify the set of screens that are reachable from a given screen. In a wizard of oz test, WOZ Pro reduces the cognitive load on the wizard by allowing navigation only to those next screens that are valid. We are planning a controlled experiment to compare WOZ Pro against paper-and-pencil along several measures in a set of prototype creation and evaluation tasks.