Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks
DIALM '99 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Dynamic fine-grained localization in Ad-Hoc networks of sensors
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GHT: a geographic hash table for data-centric storage
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Self Organized Terminode Routing
Cluster Computing
Advances in Network Simulation
Computer
Worst-Case optimal and average-case efficient geometric ad-hoc routing
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Self-configuring localization systems: Design and Experimental Evaluation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
On the effect of localization errors on geographic face routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy-efficient forwarding strategies for geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
On the pitfalls of geographic face routing
DIALM-POMC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing
Geographic routing with limited information in sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Geographic routing made practical
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Mobile Networks and Applications
NetTopo: beyond simulator and visualizer for wireless sensor networks
ACM SIGBED Review
Repellent voids for improving geographical routing efficiency in wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems
International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing
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Geographic protocols are very promising for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks due to the low state storage and low message overhead. Under certain idealized conditions, geographic routing - using a combination of greedy forwarding and face routing - has been shown to work correctly and efficiently. In this work we model and analyze the correctness of geographic routing under non-ideal realistic conditions. We present a systematic methodology for micro-level behavioral analysis that shows that conditions that violate the unit-graph assumption of network connectivity, such as location errors, obstacles and radio irregularity, cause failure in planarization and consequently face routing. We then discuss the limitations of fixing these failures and prove that local algorithms that use only information up to a limited number of hops are not sufficient to guarantee face routing delivery under arbitrary connectivity. In addition, we analyze the effect of location errors in more detail to identify the possible protocol error scenarios and their conditions. We present results from an extensive simulation study about the effects of location errors on GPSR and GHT to quantify their performance degradation at different error ranges, distributions and error models. Based on our analysis we present a potential fix based on local information sharing that improves the performance significantly but does not remove all failures. Finally, we conclude that in order to avoid all failures under arbitrary connectivity, we need a non-local algorithm that can search or propagate information for an unlimited number of hops.