An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
SAND: a modular application development platform for miniature wireless sensors
BSN '06 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
A Secure Cross-Layer Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless Body Area Networks
ADHOC-NOW '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Ad-hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks
MEDiSN: Medical emergency detection in sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
A survey on wireless body area networks
Wireless Networks
A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Body Area Networks
Journal of Medical Systems
A Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications
International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications
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Wireless sensor networks represent a key technology enabler for enhanced health care and assisted living systems. Recent standardization eorts to ensure compatibility among sensor network systems sold by dierent vendors have produced the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which specifies the MAC and physical layer behavior. This standard has certain draw-backs: it supports only single-hop communication; it does not mitigate the hidden terminal problem; and it does not coordinate node sleeping patterns. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard design philosophy assumes that higher layer mechanisms will take care of any added functionality. Building on IEEE 802.15.4, this paper proposes TImezone COordinated Sleep Scheduling (TICOSS), a mechanism inspired by MERLIN [2] that provides multi-hop support over 802.15.4 through the division of the network into timezones. TICOSS is cross-layer in nature, as it closely coordinates MAC and routing layer behavior. The main contributions of TICOSS are threefold: (1) it allows nodes to alternate periods of activity and periods of inactivity to save energy; (2) it mitigates packet collisions due to hidden terminals belonging to nearby star networks; (3) it provides shortest path routing for packets from a node to the closest gateway. Simulation experiments confirm that augmenting IEEE 802.15.4 networks with TICOSS doubles the operational lifetime for high trac scenarios. TICOSS has also been implemented on the Phillips AquisGrain modules for testing and eventual deployment in assisted living systems.