The kinedit system: affective messages using dynamic texts
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Communicating emotions in online chat using physiological sensors and animated text
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using kinetic typography to convey emotion in text-based interpersonal communication
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Expressing emotions using animated text captions
ICCHP'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
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Music, sound effects and speech prosody are missing from conventional closed captions. Despite advancements, closed captioning has yet to surpass the threshold of 1970s technology. In this study, animated text was used to convey missing sound information to hearing impaired users. Twenty-five hard of hearing and hearing participants watched two television clips containing three different styles of captions: conventional, enhanced and extreme. Participants preferred enhanced, animated text captions as their access to emotive information was improved.