Breaking substitution ciphers using a relaxation algorithm
Communications of the ACM
The mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
Decoding complexity in word-replacement translation models
Computational Linguistics
Unsupervised word sense disambiguation rivaling supervised methods
ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
ACL '94 Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Probabilistic Methods for a Japanese Syllable Cipher
ICCPOL '09 Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Language Technology for the Knowledge-based Economy
Attacking decipherment problems optimally with low-order N-gram models
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Learning phoneme mappings for transliteration without parallel data
NAACL '09 Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
A semantics-enhanced language model for unsupervised word sense disambiguation
CICLing'08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing
Bayesian inference for finite-state transducers
HLT '10 Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
An exact A* method for deciphering letter-substitution ciphers
ACL '10 Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
A statistical model for lost language decipherment
ACL '10 Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies - Volume 1
Bayesian inference for Zodiac and other homophonic ciphers
HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies - Volume 1
BUCC '11 Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Building and Using Comparable Corpora: Comparable Corpora and the Web
Unsupervised multilingual learning
Unsupervised multilingual learning
What we know about the Voynich manuscript
LaTeCH '11 Proceedings of the 5th ACL-HLT Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities
Simple effective decipherment via combinatorial optimization
EMNLP '11 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Large scale decipherment for out-of-domain machine translation
EMNLP-CoNLL '12 Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning
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We study a number of natural language decipherment problems using unsupervised learning. These include letter substitution ciphers, character code conversion, phonetic decipherment, and word-based ciphers with relevance to machine translation. Straightforward unsupervised learning techniques most often fail on the first try, so we describe techniques for understanding errors and significantly increasing performance.