Retrospective on a year of participatory design using the PICTIVE technique
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Communications of the ACM - Special issue Participatory Design
A C.A.R.D. game for participatory task analysis and redesign: macroscopic complement to PICTIVE
CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Transcending the individual human mind—creating shared understanding through collaborative design
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction in the new millennium, Part 1
Layered participatory analysis: new developments in the CARD technique
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interaction Design
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Design Way: Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World - Foundations and Fundamentals of Design Competence
Instant card technique: how and why to apply in user-centered design
Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on Participatory Design 2008
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The importance of a skilled facilitator in design meetings with users is often emphasized, but less is said about how to improve the facilitation process. This paper reports experiences and lessons learned from facilitation of card-based sessions in three design cases through an analysis of two sessions with users, and one session with professional designers. The analysis showed that many alternatives were not documented in the sessions with users who designed primarily by talking, compared to the professional designers who primarily designed by placing cards. We propose that facilitation, in cases similar to those presented here, could be improved by suggesting alternatives and possible consequences, prompt the participants to explore the consequences, and graphic facilitation.