Information seeking in context: a challenging metatheory
ISIC '96 Proceedings of an international conference on Information seeking in context
Managing and Using Information Systems: A Strategic Approach
Managing and Using Information Systems: A Strategic Approach
Introduction to Information in Technology
Introduction to Information in Technology
Business Information Systems: Analysis, Design, and Practice
Business Information Systems: Analysis, Design, and Practice
Information Systems Today
Managing Knowledge Work
Introduction to Knowledge Management: KM in Business
Introduction to Knowledge Management: KM in Business
Two Approaches to the Philosophy of Information
Minds and Machines
An Information Continuum Conjecture
Minds and Machines
Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (10th Edition)
Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (10th Edition)
Business Information Systems: Technology, Development and Management for the E-business
Business Information Systems: Technology, Development and Management for the E-business
Information Services and Use
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Smoother pebbles and the shoulders of giants: the developing foundations of information science
Journal of Information Science
The knowledge pyramid: a critique of the DIKW hierarchy
Journal of Information Science
Epistemic Values and Information Management
The Information Society - The Philosophy of Information, its Nature, and Future Developments
Formalising the 'No Information without Data-representation' Principle
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Current Issues in Computing and Philosophy
What is biomedical informatics?
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Managing the knowledge creation process of large-scale evaluation campaigns
ECDL'09 Proceedings of the 13th European conference on Research and advanced technology for digital libraries
Understanding interoperability
Proceedings of the 2011 Emerging M&S Applications in Industry and Academia Symposium
Sharing medical data vs. health knowledge in chronic illness care
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Knowledge management: An information science perspective
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Philosophy and information studies
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
Software for hydrogeologic time series analysis, interfacing data with physical insight
Environmental Modelling & Software
Modellers' roles in structuring integrative research projects
Environmental Modelling & Software
Toward the role of interaction in visual analytics
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Semantics for the Internet of Things: Early Progress and Back to the Future
International Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems
A framework for the intelligent delivery and user-adequate visualization of process information
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
A customisable dashboard display for environmental performance visualisations
PERSUASIVE'13 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Persuasive Technology
Personal knowledge and information management - conception and exemplification
Journal of Information Science
International Journal of Knowledge Management
A unified model of the co-creation process
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Hi-index | 0.00 |
This paper revisits the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy by examining the articulation of the hierarchy in a number of widely read textbooks, and analysing their statements about the nature of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The hierarchy referred to variously as the 'Knowledge Hierarchy', the 'Information Hierarchy' and the 'Knowledge Pyramid' is one of the fundamental, widely recognized and 'taken-for-granted' models in the information and knowledge literatures. It is often quoted, or used implicitly, in definitions of data, information and knowledge in the information management, information systems and knowledge management literatures, but there has been limited direct discussion of the hierarchy. After revisiting Ackoff's original articulation of the hierarchy, definitions of data, information, knowledge and wisdom as articulated in recent textbooks in information systems and knowledge management are reviewed and assessed, in pursuit of a consensus on definitions and transformation processes. This process brings to the surface the extent of agreement and dissent in relation to these definitions, and provides a basis for a discussion as to whether these articulations present an adequate distinction between data, information, and knowledge. Typically information is defined in terms of data, knowledge in terms of information, and wisdom in terms of knowledge, but there is less consensus in the description of the processes that transform elements lower in the hierarchy into those above them, leading to a lack of definitional clarity. In addition, there is limited reference to wisdom in these texts.