Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video
Signal Processing
A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking
Signal Processing
Image and Video Databases: Restoration, Watermarking and Retrieval
Image and Video Databases: Restoration, Watermarking and Retrieval
Digital Watermarking: From Concepts to Real-Time Video Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Spatial Digital Video Watermark that Survives MPEG
ITCC '00 Proceedings of the The International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'00)
DCT-based watermarking for video
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Digital watermarking for copyright protection of MPEG2 compressed video
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Watermark embedding: hiding a signal within a cover image
IEEE Communications Magazine
Complete video quality-preserving data hiding
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Capacity enhancement of compressed domain watermarking channel using duo-binary coding
IWDW'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Digital Watermarking
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The alteration of compressed video bitstream due to embedding of digital watermark tends to produce unpredictable video bit rate variations which may in turn lead to video playback buffer overflow/underflow or transmission bandwidth violation problems. This paper presents a novel bit rate control technique for real-time MPEG watermarking applications. In our experiments, spread spectrum watermarks are embedded in the quantized DCT domain without requantization and motion reestimation to achieve fast watermarking. The proposed bit rate control scheme evaluates the combined bit lengths of a set of multiple watermarked VLC codewords, and successively replaces watermarked VLC codewords having the largest increase in bit length with their corresponding unmarked VLC codewords until a target bit length is achieved. The proposed method offers flexibility and scalability, which are neglected by similar works reported in the literature. Experimental results show that the proposed bit rate control scheme is effective in meeting the bit rate targets and capable of improving the watermark detection robustness for different video contents compressed at different bit rates.