Fast text searching: allowing errors
Communications of the ACM
A fast string searching algorithm
Communications of the ACM
Efficient string matching: an aid to bibliographic search
Communications of the ACM
A guided tour to approximate string matching
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Flexible pattern matching in strings: practical on-line search algorithms for texts and biological sequences
Granidt: Towards Gigabit Rate Network Intrusion Detection Technology
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Assisting Network Intrusion Detection with Reconfigurable Hardware
FCCM '02 Proceedings of the 10th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Parallel String Matching Algorithms Based on Dataflow
HICSS '99 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Implementation of a Content-Scanning Module for an Internet Firewall
FCCM '03 Proceedings of the 11th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Time and area efficient pattern matching on FPGAs
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Generating realistic workloads for network intrusion detection systems
WOSP '04 Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Software and performance
A keyword match processor architecture using content addressable memory
Proceedings of the 14th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
Scalable Pattern Matching for High Speed Networks
FCCM '04 Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Pre-Decoded CAMs for Efficient and High-Speed NIDS Pattern Matching
FCCM '04 Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Configurable string matching hardware for speeding up intrusion detection
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue: Workshop on architectural support for security and anti-virus (WASSA)
Fast Regular Expression Matching Using FPGAs
FCCM '01 Proceedings of the the 9th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
A pattern matching coprocessor for network security
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
A High Throughput String Matching Architecture for Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Proceedings of the 32nd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
GrAVity: a massively parallel antivirus engine
RAID'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Recent advances in intrusion detection
A pipelined processor architecture for regular expression string matching
Microprocessors & Microsystems
A new non-exact aho-corasick framework for ECG classification
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Service vulnerability scanning based on service-oriented architecture in Web service environments
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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String matching plays a central role in packet inspection applications such as intrusion detection, anti-virus, anti-spam and Web filtering. Since they are computation and memory intensive, software matching algorithms are insufficient to meet the high-speed performance. Thus, offloading packet inspection to a dedicated hardware seems inevitable. This paper presents a scalable automaton matching (SAM) coprocessor that uses Aho-Corasick (AC) algorithm with two parallel acceleration techniques, root-indexing and pre-hashing. The root-indexing can match multiple bytes in one single matching, and the pre-hashing can be used to avoid bitmap AC matching which is a cycle-consuming operation. In the platform-based SoC implementation of the Xilinx ML310 FPGA, the proposed hardware architecture can achieve almost 10.7Gbps and support over 10,000 patterns for virus, which is the largest pattern set from among the existing works. On the average, the performance of SAM is 7.65 times faster than the original bitmap AC. Furthermore, SAM is feasible for either internal or external memory architecture. The internal memory architecture provides high performance, while the external memory architecture provides high scalability in term of the number of patterns.