Efficient Metacomputation Using Self-Reconfiguration
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Specialized Hardware for Deep Network Packet Filtering
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Very Large Scale Spatial Computing
UMC '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Unconventional Models of Computation
Time and area efficient pattern matching on FPGAs
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Configurable string matching hardware for speeding up intrusion detection
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue: Workshop on architectural support for security and anti-virus (WASSA)
A pattern matching coprocessor for network security
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
High-throughput linked-pattern matching for intrusion detection systems
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Modeling the data-dependent performance of pattern-matching architectures
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Optimization of regular expression pattern matching circuits on FPGA
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Designers' forum
Algorithms to accelerate multiple regular expressions matching for deep packet inspection
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Advanced algorithms for fast and scalable deep packet inspection
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Fast and memory-efficient regular expression matching for deep packet inspection
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Packet pre-filtering for network intrusion detection
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Automatic Synthesis of Efficient Intrusion Detection Systems on FPGAs
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
A programmable array processor architecture for flexible approximate string matching algorithms
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Memory-efficient content filtering hardware for high-speed intrusion detection systems
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
A high performance NIDS using FPGA-based regular expression matching
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Deterministic high-speed root-hashing automaton matching coprocessor for embedded network processor
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue on the 2006 reconfigurable and adaptive architecture workshop
Optimization of pattern matching algorithm for memory based architecture
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Compiling PCRE to FPGA for accelerating SNORT IDS
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
An improved algorithm to accelerate regular expression evaluation
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Curing regular expressions matching algorithms from insomnia, amnesia, and acalculia
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Deep network packet filter design for reconfigurable devices
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Reconfigurable content-based router using hardware-accelerated language parser
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
C is for circuits: capturing FPGA circuits as sequential code for portability
Proceedings of the 16th international ACM/SIGDA symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Regular Expression Matching in Reconfigurable Hardware
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Design and analysis of a multipacket signature detection system
International Journal of Security and Networks
A hybrid finite automaton for practical deep packet inspection
CoNEXT '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference
Processor array architectures for flexible approximate string matching
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Exact multi-pattern string matching on the cell/b.e. processor
Proceedings of the 5th conference on Computing frontiers
Optimization of pattern matching circuits for regular expression on FPGA
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Scalable multigigabit pattern matching for packet inspection
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
FPGA based string matching for network processing applications
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
An adaptable FPGA-based system for regular expression matching
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Multilevel Pattern Matching Architecture for Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System
ICESS '07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded Software and Systems
Highly Space Efficient Counters for Perl Compatible Regular Expressions in FPGAs
ARC '08 Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications
Gnort: High Performance Network Intrusion Detection Using Graphics Processors
RAID '08 Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection
Efficient signature matching with multiple alphabet compression tables
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security and privacy in communication netowrks
Compact architecture for high-throughput regular expression matching on FPGA
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Efficient regular expression evaluation: theory to practice
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Fast Signature Matching Using Extended Finite Automaton (XFA)
ICISS '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems Security
ACS'08 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied computer scince
PERG-Rx: a hardware pattern-matching engine supporting limited regular expressions
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A fast scalable automaton-matching accelerator for embedded content processors
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
FPGA-Based Intrusion Detection System for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
Regular Expression Pattern Matching Supporting Constrained Repetitions
ARC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications
Hierarchical state machine architecture for regular expression pattern matching
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
Extending finite automata to efficiently match Perl-compatible regular expressions
CoNEXT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference
Performance Improvement by Means of Collaboration between Network Intrusion Detection Systems
CNSR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Seventh Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference
Reconfigurable Computing: The Theory and Practice of FPGA-Based Computation
Reconfigurable Computing: The Theory and Practice of FPGA-Based Computation
Space Optimization on Counters for FPGA-Based Perl Compatible Regular Expressions
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS)
Memory-efficient distribution of regular expressions for fast deep packet inspection
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Software toolchain for large-scale RE-NFA construction on FPGA
International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing - Special issue on selected papers from ReConFig 2008
Optimized memory based accelerator for scalable pattern matching
Microprocessors & Microsystems
SCAMPI: a scalable CAM-based algorithm for multiple pattern inspection
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis
Regular Expression Matching on Graphics Hardware for Intrusion Detection
RAID '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection
An intrusion detection sensor for the NetVM virtual processor
ICOIN'09 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Information Networking
A modular NFA architecture for regular expression matching
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Managing intrusion detection rule sets
Proceedings of the Third European Workshop on System Security
Synthesis of regular expressions targeting FPGAs: current status and open issues
ARC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Reconfigurable computing: architectures, tools and applications
Compact DFA structure for multiple regular expressions matching
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
An independently partial pattern matching for content inspection at multi gigabit networks
ICACT'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Advanced communication technology
Fast regular expression matching in hardware using NFA-BDD combination
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
NFA split architecture for fast regular expression matching
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Evaluating regular expression matching engines on network and general purpose processors
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Co-match: fast and efficient packet inspection for multiple flows
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Improving NFA-based signature matching using ordered binary decision diagrams
RAID'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Recent advances in intrusion detection
GrAVity: a massively parallel antivirus engine
RAID'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Recent advances in intrusion detection
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
Performance of FPGA implementation of bit-split architecture for intrusion detection systems
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
FPGA based architecture for DNA sequence comparison and database search
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
Complex event detection at wire speed with FPGAs
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Fast bit-parallel matching for network and regular expressions
SPIRE'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on String processing and information retrieval
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
Efficient pattern matching algorithm for memory architecture
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Selective regular expression matching
ISC'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Information security
A computationally efficient engine for flexible intrusion detection
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
FPGA based approach for signature based antivirus applications
Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology
A regular expression matching circuit based on a decomposed automaton
ARC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Reconfigurable computing: architectures, tools and applications
Fast, memory-efficient regular expression matching with NFA-OBDDs
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Differential encoding of DFAs for fast regular expression matching
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
PeRex: A Power Efficient FPGA-based Architecture for Regular Expression Matching
GREENCOM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Green Computing and Communications
Hardware-software hybrid packet processing for intrusion detection systems
CIS'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Intelligence and Security - Volume Part II
Pattern-unit based regular expression matching with reconfigurable function unit
ICCSA'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part IV
Pattern matching acceleration for network intrusion detection systems
SAMOS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded Computer Systems: architectures, Modeling, and Simulation
Linear encoding scheme for weighted finite automata
CIAA'04 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Implementation and Application of Automata
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Smart architecture for high-speed intrusion detection and prevention systems
CANS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Cryptology and Network Security
Novel FPGA-Based signature matching for deep packet inspection
WISTP'10 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 11.2 international conference on Information Security Theory and Practices: security and Privacy of Pervasive Systems and Smart Devices
Fast protocol recognition by network packet inspection
ICONIP'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Managing DFA History with Queue for Deflation DFA
Journal of Network and Systems Management
Skeleton automata for FPGAs: reconfiguring without reconstructing
SIGMOD '12 Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data
Revisiting multiple pattern matching algorithms for multi-core architecture
Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Special issue on Community Analysis and Information Recommendation
A pipelined processor architecture for regular expression string matching
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Security of Information and Networks
Fast submatch extraction using OBDDs
Proceedings of the eighth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
NetStage/DPR: A self-reconfiguring platform for active and passive network security operations
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Static patterns matching for high speed networks
ICICA'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Information Computing and Applications
High throughput constraint repetition for regular expression matching algorithm
ICICA'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Information Computing and Applications
A-DFA: A Time- and Space-Efficient DFA Compression Algorithm for Fast Regular Expression Evaluation
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Designing a Programmable Wire-Speed Regular-Expression Matching Accelerator
MICRO-45 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Stream-Mode FPGA acceleration of complex pattern trajectory querying
SSTD'13 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases
XLynx—An FPGA-based XML filter for hybrid XQuery processing
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) - Invited papers issue
Scalable TCAM-based regular expression matching with compressed finite automata
ANCS '13 Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
Picking pesky parameters: optimizing regular expression matching in practice
ANCS '13 Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
An efficient multicharacter transition string-matching engine based on the aho-corasick algorithm
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Pattern overlap in bit-parallel implementation of regular expression repetition quantifiers
International Journal of Security and Networks
Exploring the design space of programmable regular expression matching accelerators
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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This paper presents an efficient method for finding matches to a given regular expression in given text using FPGAs. To match a regular expression of length n, a serial machine requires 0(2^n) memory and takes 0(1) time per text character. The proposed approach reqiures only 0(n^2) space and still process a text character in 0(1) time (one clock cycle).The improvement is due to the Nondetermineistic Finite Automaton (NFA) used to perform the matching. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first prctical use of a nondeterministic state machine on programmable logic. Furthermore, the paper presents a simple, fast algorithm that quickly constructs the NFA for the given regular expression. Fast NFA construction is crucial because the NFA structure depends on the regular expression, which is known only at runtime. Implementations of the algorithm for conventional FPGAs and the self-reconfigurable Gate Array (SRGA) are described. To evaluate performance, the NFA logic was mapped onto the Virtex XCV100 FPGA and the SRGA. Also, the performance of GNU grep for matching regular expressions was evaluated on an 800 MHz Pentium III machine. The proposed approach was faster than best case grep performance in most cases. It was orders of magnitude faster than worst case grep performance. Logic for the largest NFA considered fit in less than a 1000 CLBs while DFA storage for grep in the worst case consumed a few hundred megabytes.