Fast text searching: allowing errors
Communications of the ACM
A fast string searching algorithm
Communications of the ACM
Efficient string matching: an aid to bibliographic search
Communications of the ACM
A guided tour to approximate string matching
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Flexible pattern matching in strings: practical on-line search algorithms for texts and biological sequences
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
CASM: A VLSI Chip for Approximate String Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Granidt: Towards Gigabit Rate Network Intrusion Detection Technology
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
A Programmable Processor for Approximate String Matching with High Throughput Rate
ASAP '00 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures, and Processors
Assisting Network Intrusion Detection with Reconfigurable Hardware
FCCM '02 Proceedings of the 10th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Parallel String Matching Algorithms Based on Dataflow
HICSS '99 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Fast Content-Based Packet Handling for Intrusion Detection
Fast Content-Based Packet Handling for Intrusion Detection
Implementation of a Content-Scanning Module for an Internet Firewall
FCCM '03 Proceedings of the 11th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Time and area efficient pattern matching on FPGAs
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Generating realistic workloads for network intrusion detection systems
WOSP '04 Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Software and performance
A keyword match processor architecture using content addressable memory
Proceedings of the 14th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
Scalable Pattern Matching for High Speed Networks
FCCM '04 Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Pre-Decoded CAMs for Efficient and High-Speed NIDS Pattern Matching
FCCM '04 Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Implementation Results of Bloom Filters for String Matching
FCCM '04 Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Configurable string matching hardware for speeding up intrusion detection
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue: Workshop on architectural support for security and anti-virus (WASSA)
Fast Regular Expression Matching Using FPGAs
FCCM '01 Proceedings of the the 9th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
A pattern matching coprocessor for network security
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
A High Throughput String Matching Architecture for Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Proceedings of the 32nd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
A new non-exact aho-corasick framework for ECG classification
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Multi-character cost-effective and high throughput architecture for content scanning
Microprocessors & Microsystems
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Home and office network gateways often employ a cost-effective embedded network processor to handle their network services. Such network gateways have received strong demand for applications dealing with intrusion detection, keyword blocking, antivirus and antispam. Accordingly, we were motivated to propose an appropriate fast scalable automaton-matching (FSAM) hardware to accelerate the embedded network processors. Although automaton matching algorithms are robust with deterministic matching time, there is still plenty of room for improving their average-case performance. FSAM employs novel prehash and root-index techniques to accelerate the matching for the nonroot states and the root state, respectively, in automation based hardware. The prehash approach uses some hashing functions to pretest the input substring for the nonroot states while the root-index approach handles multiple bytes in one single matching for the root state. Also, FSAM is applied in a prevalent automaton algorithm, Aho-Corasick (AC), which is often used in many content-filtering applications. When implemented in FPGA, FSAM can perform at the rate of 11.1Gbps with the pattern set of 32,634 bytes, demonstrating that our proposed approach can use a small logic circuit to achieve a competitive performance, although a larger memory is used. Furthermore, the amount of patterns in FSAM is not limited by the amount of internal circuits and memories. If the high-speed external memories are employed, FSAM can support up to 21,302 patterns while maintaining similar high performance.