Physical layer driven protocol and algorithm design for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Dynamic Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Design & Test
Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Utilizing Solar Power in Wireless Sensor Networks
LCN '03 Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
Energy Scavenging for Mobile and Wireless Electronics
IEEE Pervasive Computing
DSPs for Energy Harvesting Sensors: Applications and Architectures
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Exact and approximate balanced data gathering in energy-constrained sensor networks
Theoretical Computer Science - Algorithmic aspects of wireless sensor networks
Solar-aware clustering in wireless sensor networks
ISCC '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications 2004 Volume 2 (ISCC"04) - Volume 02
Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Energetic sustainability of environmentally powered wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor and ubiquitous networks
Self-adapting maxflow routing algorithm for WSNs: practical issues and simulation-based assessment
CSTST '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Soft computing as transdisciplinary science and technology
Opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks powered by ambient energy harvesting
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Lifespan-aware routing for wireless sensor networks
KES-AMSTA'10 Proceedings of the 4th KES international conference on Agent and multi-agent systems: technologies and applications, Part II
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS
Energy efficient data aggregation in solar sensor networks
WASA'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Wireless algorithms, systems, and applications
Energy efficient joint data aggregation and link scheduling in solar sensor networks
Computer Communications
Improved load balanced clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks
ADCONS'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Advanced Computing, Networking and Security
Energy-efficient beaconless geographic routing in energy harvested wireless sensor networks
Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience
Achieving energy-synchronized communication in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section ESFH'12, ESTIMedia'11 and Regular Papers
Dynamic routing trees with energy harvesting constraints for wireless body area networks
BodyNets '13 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks
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A new class of wireless sensor networks that harvest power from the environment is emerging because of its intrinsic capability of providing unbounded lifetime. While a lot of research has been focused on energy-aware routing schemes tailored to battery-operated networks, the problem of optimal routing for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) has never been explored. The objective of routing optimization in this context is not extending network lifetime, but maximizing the workload that can be autonomously sustained by the network. In this work we present a methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of routing algorithms for networks whose nodes drain power from the environment. We first introduce the energetic sustainability problem, then we define the maximum energetically sustainable workload (MESW) as the objective function to be used to drive the optimization of routing algorithms for EH-WSNs. We propose a methodology that makes use of graph algorithms and network simulations for evaluating the MESW starting from a network topology, a routing algorithm and a distribution of the environmental power available at each node. We present a tool flow implementing the proposed methodology and we show comparative results achieved on several routing algorithms. Experimental results highlight that routing strategies that do not take into account environmental power do not provide optimal results in terms of workload sustainability. Using optimal routing algorithms may lead to sizeable enhancements of the maximum sustainable workload. Moreover, optimality strongly depends on environmental power configurations. Since environmental power sources change over time, our results prompt for a new class of routing algorithms for EH-WSNs that are able to dynamically adapt to time-varying environmental conditions.