The use of eye movements in human-computer interaction techniques: what you look at is what you get
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue on computer—human interaction
Two-handed gesture in multi-modal natural dialog
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
HCI '94 Proceedings of the conference on People and computers IX
WorldBeat: designing a baton-based interface for an interactive music exhibit
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Real-time decision making in multimodal face-to-face communication
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Manual and gaze input cascaded (MAGIC) pointing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Inferring intent in eye-based interfaces: tracing eye movements with process models
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The GAZE groupware system: mediating joint attention in multiparty communication and collaboration
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TELEPORT— towards immersive copresence
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on video content based retrieval
Evaluation of eye gaze interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye gaze patterns in conversations: there is more to conversational agents than meets the eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toward a compelling sensation of telepresence: demonstrating a portal to a distant (static) office
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
An immersive 3D video-conferencing system using shared virtual team user environments
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Temporal Symbolic Integration Applied to a Multimodal System Using Gestures and Speech
GW '99 Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction
Towards an Automatic Sign Language Recognition System Using Subunits
GW '01 Revised Papers from the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
“Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Conversing with the user based on eye-gaze patterns
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Human-Computer Interaction (3rd Edition)
Human-Computer Interaction (3rd Edition)
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Computers have increasingly become part of our everyday lives, with many activities either involving their direct use or being supported by one. This has prompted research into developing methods and mechanisms to assist humans in interacting with computers (human-computer interaction, or HCI). A number of HCI techniques have been developed over the years, some of which are quite old but continue to be used, and some more recent and still evolving. Many of these interaction techniques, however, are not natural in their use and typically require the user to learn a new means of interaction. Inconsistencies within these techniques and the restrictions they impose on user creativity can also make such interaction techniques difficult to use, especially for novice users. This article proposes an alternative interaction method, the conductor interaction method (CIM), which aims to provide a more natural and easier-to-learn interaction technique. This novel interaction method extends existing HCI methods by drawing upon techniques found in human-human interaction. It is argued that the use of a two-phased multimodal interaction mechanism, using gaze for selection and gesture for manipulation, incorporated within a metaphor-based environment, can provide a viable alternative for interacting with a computer (especially for novice users). Both the model and an implementation of the CIM within a system are presented in this article. This system formed the basis of a number of user studies that have been performed to assess the effectiveness of the CIM, the findings of which are discussed in this work.