Interfacing thought: cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction
Why a college course in computer literacy?
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
Learning by doing with simulated intelligent help
Communications of the ACM
The new generation of computer literacy
SIGCSE '89 Proceedings of the twentieth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
The transfer of cognitive skill
The transfer of cognitive skill
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The growth of software skill: a longitudinal look at learning & performance
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
A new perspective on teaching computer literacy
SIGCSE '94 Proceedings of the twenty-fifth SIGCSE symposium on Computer science education
The GOMS family of user interface analysis techniques: comparison and contrast
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Exploring the unrealized potential of computer-aided drafting
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Delegation and circumvention: two faces of efficiency
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The strategic use of CAD: an empirically inspired, theory-based course
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards a definition of computing literacy for the liberal arts environment
SIGCSE '85 Proceedings of the sixteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A pilot study of teaching the strategic use of common computer applications
AUIC '01 Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian conference on User interface
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Computer literacy: today and tomorrow
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
Patterns of experience in text editing
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Strategy hubs: Domain portals to help find comprehensive information
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
The strategic use of complex computer systems
Human-Computer Interaction
How to motivate people to use internet at home: understanding the psychology of non-active users
Proceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction
Proceedings of the 7th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education
Skillometers: reflective widgets that motivate and help users to improve performance
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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Numerous studies have shown that many users do not acquire the knowledge necessary for the effective and efficient use of computer applications such as spreadsheets and Web-authoring tools. While many cognitive, cultural, and social reasons have been offered to explain this phenomenon, there have been few systematic attempts to address it. This article describes how we identified a framework to organize effective and efficient strategies to use computer applications and used an approach called strategy-based instruction to teach those strategies over five years to almost 400 students. Controlled experiments demonstrated that the instructional approach (1) enables students to learn strategies without harming command knowledge, (2) benefits students from technical and nontechnical majors, and (3) is robust across different instructional contexts and new applications. Real-world classroom experience of teaching strategy-based instruction over several instantiations has enabled the approach to be disseminated to other universities. The lessons learned throughout the process of design, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination should allow teaching a large number of users in many organizations to rapidly acquire the strategic knowledge to make more effective and efficient use of computer applications.