Using MPI: portable parallel programming with the message-passing interface
Using MPI: portable parallel programming with the message-passing interface
MPI: The Complete Reference
The computer and the brain
Dynamics of the firing probability of noisy integrate-and-fire neurons
Neural Computation
Optimization of MPI collective communication on BlueGene/L systems
Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Polychronization: Computation with Spikes
Neural Computation
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
Theoretical Neuroscience: Computational and Mathematical Modeling of Neural Systems
Theoretical Neuroscience: Computational and Mathematical Modeling of Neural Systems
Towards cortex sized artificial neural systems
Neural Networks
Overview of the Blue Gene/L system architecture
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Scaling analysis of a neocortex inspired cognitive model on the Cray XD1
The Journal of Supercomputing
A context switching streaming memory architecture to accelerate a neocortex model
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Implementing a hierarchical Bayesian visual cortex model on multi-core processors
Proceedings of the 47th Annual Southeast Regional Conference
The cat is out of the bag: cortical simulations with 109 neurons, 1013 synapses
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis
Parallelizing two classes of neuromorphic models on the cell multicore architecture
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Efficient simulation of large-scale spiking neural networks using CUDA graphics processors
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
A model of computation and representation in the brain
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Panache: a parallel file system cache for global file access
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Communications of the ACM
Automatic abstraction and fault tolerance in cortical microachitectures
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Compass: a scalable simulator for an architecture for cognitive computing
SC '12 Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Nanoscale electronic synapses using phase change devices
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC) - Special issue on memory technologies
| Hi-index | 0.02 |
Insights into brain's high-level computational principles will lead to novel cognitive systems, computing architectures, programming paradigms, and numerous practical applications. An important step towards this end is the study of large networks of cortical spiking neurons. We have built a cortical simulator, C2, incorporating several algorithmic enhancements to optimize the simulation scale and time, through: computationally efficient simulation of neurons in a clock-driven and synapses in an event-driven fashion; memory efficient representation of simulation state; and communication efficient message exchanges. Using phenomenological, single-compartment models of spiking neurons and synapses with spike-timing dependent plasticity, we represented a rat-scale cortical model (55 million neurons, 442 billion synapses) in STB memory of a 32, 768-processor BlueGene/L. With 1 millisecond resolution for neuronal dynamics and 1--20 milliseconds axonal delays, C2 can simulate 1 second of model time in 9 seconds per Hertz of average neuronal firing rate. In summary, by combining state-of-the-art hardware with innovative algorithms and software design, we simultaneously achieved unprecedented time-to-solution on an unprecedented problem size.