Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special section on low power
Leakage in Nanometer CMOS Technologies (Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems)
Leakage in Nanometer CMOS Technologies (Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems)
Power Management of Digital Circuits in Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Technologies (Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics)
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Body-biasing is expected to be a common design technique, then area efficient implementation in layout has been demanded. Body-biasing outside standard cells is one of possible layouts. However in this case body-bias controllability, especially when forward bias is applied, is a concern. To investigate the controllability, we fabricated a ring oscillator in a 90nm technology, and measured the controllability. Our measurement result and evaluation of area efficiency reveal that body-biased circuits can be implemented with area overhead of less than 1% yet with sufficient speed controllability.