Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Outlier detection for high dimensional data
SIGMOD '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
On the effects of dimensionality reduction on high dimensional similarity search
PODS '01 Proceedings of the twentieth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Pose classification of human faces by weighting mask function approach
Pattern Recognition Letters
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) Database
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Approximate searches: k-neighbors + precision
CIKM '03 Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Convolutional Face Finder: A Neural Architecture for Fast and Robust Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Survey of Outlier Detection Methodologies
Artificial Intelligence Review
On the impact of outliers on high-dimensional data analysis methods for face recognition
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Computer vision meets databases
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
On the effects of dimensionality on data analysis with neural networks
IWANN '03 Proceedings of the 7th International Work-Conference on Artificial and Natural Neural Networks: Part II: Artificial Neural Nets Problem Solving Methods
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In this paper, the impact of outliers on the performance of high-dimensional data analysis methods is studied in the context of face recognition. Most of the existing face recognition methods are based on PCA-like methods: faces are projected into a lower dimensional space in which similarity between faces is supposed to be more easily evaluated. These methods are, however, very sensitive to the quality of the face images used in the training and in the recognition phases. Their performance significantly drops when face images are not well centered or taken under variable illumination conditions. In this paper, we study this phenomenon for two face recognition methods, namely PCA and LDA2D, and we propose a filtering process that allows the automatic selection of noisy face images which are responsible for the performance degradation. This process uses two techniques. The first one is based on the recently proposed robust high-dimensional data analysis method called RobPCA. It is specific to the case of recognition from video sequences. The second technique is based on a novel and effective face classification technique. It allows isolating still face images that are not very precisely cropped, not well-centered or in a non-frontal pose. Experiments show that this filtering process significantly improves recognition rates by 10 to 30%.