On the complexity of the parity argument and other inefficient proofs of existence
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - Special issue: 31st IEEE conference on foundations of computer science, Oct. 22–24, 1990
On complexity as bounded rationality (extended abstract)
STOC '94 Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Playing large games using simple strategies
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
A polynomial-time Nash equilibrium algorithm for repeated games
Decision Support Systems - Special issue: The fourth ACM conference on electronic commerce
The complexity of computing a Nash equilibrium
Proceedings of the thirty-eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Settling the Complexity of Two-Player Nash Equilibrium
FOCS '06 Proceedings of the 47th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Computing Nash Equilibria: Approximation and Smoothed Complexity
FOCS '06 Proceedings of the 47th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Progress in approximate nash equilibria
Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
The approximation complexity of win-lose games
SODA '07 Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Computing Equilibria in Anonymous Games
FOCS '07 Proceedings of the 48th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
The Search for Equilibrium Concepts
SAGT '08 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory
Equilibrium Points in Fear of Correlated Threats
WINE '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Internet and Network Economics
Approximability and Parameterized Complexity of Minmax Values
WINE '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Internet and Network Economics
Algorithmic Game Theory: A Snapshot
ICALP '09 Proceedings of the 36th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming: Part I
On the equilibria of alternating move games
SODA '10 Proceedings of the twenty-first annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete Algorithms
The computational complexity of trembling hand perfection and other equilibrium refinements
SAGT'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Algorithmic game theory
Rational Generating Functions and Integer Programming Games
Operations Research
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
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A well-known result in game theory known as "the Folk Theorem" suggests that finding Nash equilibria in repeated games should be easier than in one-shot games. In contrast, we show that the problem of finding any (approximate) Nash equilibrium for a three-player infinitely-repeated game is computationally intractable (even when all payoffs are in {-1,0,1}), unless all of PPAD can be solved in randomized polynomial time. This is done by showing that finding Nash equilibria of (k+1)-player infinitely-repeated games is as hard as finding Nash equilibria of k-player one-shot games, for which PPAD-hardness is known (Daskalakis, Goldberg and Papadimitriou, 2006; Chen, Deng and Teng, 2006; Chen, Teng and Valiant, 2007). This also explains why no computationally-efficient learning dynamics, such as the "no regret" algorithms, can be "rational" (in general games with three or more players) in the sense that, when one's opponents use such a strategy, it is not in general a best reply to follow suit.