EMPATH: face, emotion, and gender recognition using holons
NIPS-3 Proceedings of the 1990 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems 3
SexNet: A neural network identifies sex from human faces
NIPS-3 Proceedings of the 1990 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems 3
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - Special issue: 26th annual ACM symposium on the theory of computing & STOC'94, May 23–25, 1994, and second annual Europe an conference on computational learning theory (EuroCOLT'95), March 13–15, 1995
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning Gender with Support Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Gray-Scale and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
CAIP '97 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns
Gender and Ethnic Classification of Face Images
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Classifying Facial Attributes Using a 2-D Gabor Wavelet and Discriminant Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Genetic Feature Subset Selection for Gender Classification: A Comparison Study
WACV '02 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
A Unified Learning Framework for Real Time Face Detection and Classification
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Cascaded Classification of Gender and Facial Expression using Active Appearance Models
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Boosting Sex Identification Performance
International Journal of Computer Vision
LUT-based Adaboost for gender classification
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
A discriminative feature space for detecting and recognizing faces
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Integrating independent components and linear discriminant analysis for gender classification
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Sparse models for gender classification
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Gender classification based on boosting local binary pattern
ISNN'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advnaces in Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Multi-view gender classification using local binary patterns and support vector machines
ISNN'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advnaces in Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Facial gender classification using shape-from-shading
Image and Vision Computing
Gender recognition: A multiscale decision fusion approach
Pattern Recognition Letters
Gender classification in uncontrolled settings using additive logistic models
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Feature selection for efficient gender classification
NN'10/EC'10/FS'10 Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS international conference on nural networks and 11th WSEAS international conference on evolutionary computing and 11th WSEAS international conference on Fuzzy systems
Gender classification from unaligned facial images using support subspaces
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Recognizing human gender in computer vision: a survey
PRICAI'12 Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim international conference on Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Improving gender recognition using genetic algorithms
SEAL'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
Gender classification of human face images based on adaptive features and support vector machines
Optical Memory and Neural Networks
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Successful face analysis requires robust methods. It has been hard to compare the methods due to different experimental setups. We carried out a comparison study for the state-of-the-art gender classification methods to find out their actual reliability. The main contributions are comprehensive and comparable classification results for the gender classification methods combined with automatic real-time face detection and, in addition, with manual face normalization. We also experimented by combining gender classifier outputs arithmetically. This lead to increased classification accuracies. Furthermore, we contribute guidelines to carry out classification experiments, knowledge on the strengths and weaknesses of the gender classification methods, and two new variants of the known methods.