Net neutrality: the technical side of the debate: a white paper
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Internet economics: the use of Shapley value for ISP settlement
CoNEXT '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference
On cooperative settlement between content, transit and eyeball internet service providers
CoNEXT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference
ClubMED: coordinated multi-exit discriminator strategies for peering carriers
NGI'09 Proceedings of the 5th Euro-NGI conference on Next Generation Internet networks
An agent-based model for the evolution of the internet ecosystem
COMSNETS'09 Proceedings of the First international conference on COMmunication Systems And NETworks
Incentivizing peer-assisted services: a fluid shapley value approach
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Pricing under constraints in access networks: revenue maximization and congestion management
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Eyeball ASes: from geography to connectivity
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Controlling the growth of internet routing tables through market mechanisms
Proceedings of the Re-Architecting the Internet Workshop
Internet economics: the use of Shapley value for ISP settlement
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On cooperative settlement between content, transit, and eyeball internet service providers
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Optimum profit allocation in coalitional VoD service
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Internet service providers (ISPs) must interconnect to provide global Internet connectivity to users. The payment structure of these interconnections are often negotiated and maintained via bilateral agreements. Current differences of opinion in the appropriate revenue model in the Internet has on occasion caused ISPs to de-peer from one another, hindering network connectivity and availability. Our previous work demonstrates that the Shapley value has several desirable properties, and that if applied as the revenue model, selfish ISPs would yield globally optimal routing and interconnecting decisions. In this paper, we focus our investigation of Shapley value in networks with two basic classes of ISP: content and eyeball. In particular, we analyze the revenue distribution between ISPs with elastic and inelastic customer demands, and calculate the bilateral payments between ISPs that implement the Shapley revenue. Our results illustrate how ISP revenues are influenced by different demand models. In particular, the marginal revenue lost by de-peering for an eyeball ISP with inelastic demand is inversely proportional to the square of its degree of connectivity to content ISPs. In practice, these results provide a guideline for ISPs, even in peering relationships, to negotiate bilateral payments and for regulatory institutions to design pricing regulations.