Multicast routing in datagram internetworks and extended LANs
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Networked virtual environments
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Reliable Multicast Network Transport for Distributed Virtual Simulation
DIS-RT '99 Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications
Effects of Network Characteristics on Human Performance in a Collaborative Virtual Environment
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
An Architecture for Collaboration in Virtual Environments
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
A geographic redirection service for on-line games
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
VELVET: an adaptive hybrid architecture for very large virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A case for end system multicast
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A survey of proposals for an alternative group communication service
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Performance Enhancement in MMOGs Using Entity Types
DS-RT '07 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
DS-RT '07 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
An architecture supporting large scale MMOGs
Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
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Massively multi-user simulation requires synchronous communication among the parties. In this paper, we present a multi-user collaboration architecture that divides the virtual world into multiple adjacent hexagonal regions in order to properly organize the entities and efficiently manage their liaison. A special node, named hybrid node, is in charge of each hexagonal region and constructs a data distribution tree at the application layer rather than the network layer. While constructing the data distribution pathways among the endhosts, the protocol focuses on reflecting the underlying network physical topology onto the overlay network to enhance the system performance. To control the excessive message overhead, necessary messages of a foreign region are only imported when needed to a particular region through a hybrid node. Dynamic adjustment of check-in and checkout marks reduces frequent connections and disconnections between a hybrid and an ordinary node and provides resilience to the system. The effectiveness of this collaboration architecture is tested through the implementation.