Project GROPEHaptic displays for scientific visualization
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The CAVE: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment
Communications of the ACM
Desktop virtual reality for the enhancement of visualization skills
Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia
Haptics Issues in Virtual Environments
CGI '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
Virtual Reality Training Simulation for Palpation of Subsurface Tumors
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Virtual Reality Training for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
Investigations into Performance of Minimally Invasive Telesurgery with Feedback Time Delays
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Tools for collaborative VR application development
ICCS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Science - Volume Part III
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As Virtual Reality pushes the boundaries of the human computer interface new ways of interaction are emerging. One such technology is the integration of haptic interfaces (force-feedback devices) into virtual environments. This modality offers an improved sense of immersion to that achieved when relying only on audio and visual modalities. The paper introduces some of the technical obstacles such as latency and network traffic that need to be overcome for maintaining a high degree of immersion during haptic tasks. The paper describes the advantages of integrating haptic feedback into systems, and presents some of the technical issues inherent in a networked haptic virtual environment. A generic control interface has been developed to seamlessly mesh with existing networked VR development libraries.