SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Constrained 3D navigation with 2D controllers
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
Path drawing for 3D walkthrough
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Harold: a world made of drawings
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Exploring 3D navigation: combining speed-coupled flying with orbiting
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
StyleCam: interactive stylized 3D navigation using integrated spatial & temporal controls
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
INFOVIS '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Vizualization 2000
HoverCam: interactive 3D navigation for proximal object inspection
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Smart and Physically-Based Navigation in 3D Geovirtual Environments
IV '05 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation
Navidget for Easy 3D Camera Positioning from 2D Inputs
3DUI '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
Design Framework for Sketch Based Technique in 3D Navigation of Cluttered Virtual Environment
IVIC '09 Proceedings of the 1st International Visual Informatics Conference on Visual Informatics: Bridging Research and Practice
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
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Navigation represents the fundamental interaction technique in 3D virtual environments (3D VEs) as it enables the users to explore the 3D world and to interact with its objects. Efficient navigation strategies and techniques are required, which take account of the users and their goals and avoid problems of general navigation methods, such as "getting-lost" situations and confusing view configurations. This paper presents a novel method for specifying and controlling navigation in 3D VEs based on sketching navigation commands. The users sketch their navigation intentions on top of the perspective projection of the 3D scene. The system interprets these sketches regarding their geometry, spatial context, and temporal context. Unlike other sketchy navigation techniques, our approach identifies the hit objects of the underlying 3D scene and takes advantage of their semantics and inherent navigation affordances. The approach has been prototypically implemented for the exploration of a virtual 3D city model with a touch-sensitive display.