Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Instance-Based Learning Algorithms
Machine Learning
The nature of statistical learning theory
The nature of statistical learning theory
Machine Learning
Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization
Advances in kernel methods
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Classification of Single Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition: Features Versus Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
WACV '96 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '96)
Benchmarking a Reduced Multivariate Polynomial Pattern Classifier
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Probability Estimates for Multi-class Classification by Pairwise Coupling
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Probabilistic based recursive model for adaptive processing of data structures
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Component-based face recognition with 3D morphable models
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Authentic facial expression analysis
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Estimating continuous distributions in Bayesian classifiers
UAI'95 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
A reduced multivariate polynomial model for multimodal biometrics and classifiers fusion
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Supervised neural networks for the classification of structures
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
A probabilistic risk analysis for multimodal entry control
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Fusion of feature sets and classifiers for facial expression recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Hi-index | 12.05 |
This paper presents a novel approach for recognizing human facial emotion in order to further detect human suspicious behaviors. Instead of relying on relative poor representation of facial features in a flat vector form, the approach utilizes a format of tree structures with Gabor feature representations to present a facial emotional state. The novel local experts organization (LEO) model is proposed for the processing of this tree structure representation. The motivation for the LEO model is to deal with the inconsistent length of features in case there are some features failed to be detected. The proposed LEO model is inspired by the natural hierarchical model presented in natural organization, where workers (local experts) reports to their supervisor (fusion classifier), whom in turn reports to upper management (global fusion classifier). Moreover, an Asian emotion database is created. The database contains high-resolution images of 153 Asian subjects in six basic pseudo-emotions (excluding neutral expression) in three different poses for evaluating our proposed system. Empirical studies were conducted to benchmark our approach with other well-known classifiers applying to the system, and the results showed that our approach is the most robust, and less affected by noise from feature locators for the face emotion recognition system.