Communicating sequential processes
Communicating sequential processes
Infinitary languages: basic theory and applications to concurrent systems
Current trends in concurrency. Overviews and tutorials
A specification language for direct-manipulation user interfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Special issue on user interface software
Statemaster: A UIMS based on statecharts for prototyping and target implementation
CHI '89 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Formal methods in human-computer interaction
Formal methods in human-computer interaction
The design space of input devices
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The UAN: a user-oriented representation for direct manipulation interface designs
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Developing user interfaces: ensuring usability through product & process
Developing user interfaces: ensuring usability through product & process
Management of interface design in humanoid
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
A second generation user interface design environment: the model and the runtime architecture
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatic generation of help from interface design models
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Specification of interface interaction objects
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Integrating status and event phenomena in formal specifications of interactive systems
SIGSOFT '94 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Scenario-based design: envisioning work and technology in system development
Scenario-based design: envisioning work and technology in system development
Timetrees: a branching-time structure for modeling activity and state in the human-computer interface
Why interaction is more powerful than algorithms
Communications of the ACM
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
A Calculus of Communicating Systems
A Calculus of Communicating Systems
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Defining Interfaces at a High Level of Abstraction
IEEE Software
Notational Techniques for Accommodating User Intention Shifts
Notational Techniques for Accommodating User Intention Shifts
Formal Grammar and Human Factors Design of an Interactive Graphics System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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The design and construction of usable interactive systems requires a user-centered approach to system development. Such an approach requires tools and representations reflecting a behavioral view of the interface--a view centered on user activities and the system activities and states that the user can perceive. We present a model of these behavioral phenomena well suited for defining, extending, and analyzing behavioral representations. Our model is based on the timetree, a novel tree-based structure representing tasks, user actions, system activity, and system and interface state, all within a framework of branching sequential timelines. We introduce the timetree model by relating it to well-known interactive behaviors. We present a formal definition of timetrees and some of the operations they support, and we show some ways in which the model has contributed to our understanding of behavioral descriptions.