Joint-dependent local deformations for hand animation and object grasping
Proceedings on Graphics interface '88
Animating rotation with quaternion curves
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Multi-weight enveloping: least-squares approximation techniques for skin animation
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
EigenSkin: real time large deformation character skinning in hardware
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Building efficient, accurate character skins from examples
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Deformation transfer for triangle meshes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
SCAPE: shape completion and animation of people
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Curve skeleton skinning for human and creature characters: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2006
Normal transformations for articulated models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches
Animation space: A truly linear framework for character animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Skinning arbitrary deformations
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Deformation styles for spline-based skeletal animation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Real-time enveloping with rotational regression
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Example-based skeleton extraction
SGP '07 Proceedings of the fifth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing
Offset curve deformation from skeletal animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 talks
Geometric skinning with approximate dual quaternion blending
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Frankenrigs: building character rigs from multiple sources
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Fast automatic skinning transformations
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Elasticity-inspired deformers for character articulation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Two-layer sparse compression of dense-weight blend skinning
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Implicit skinning: real-time skin deformation with contact modeling
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
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Linear blending is a very popular skinning technique for virtual characters, even though it does not always generate realistic deformations. Recently, nonlinear blending techniques (such as dual quaternions) have been proposed in order to improve upon the deformation quality of linear skinning. The trade-off consists of the increased vertex deformation time and the necessity to redesign parts of the 3D engine. In this paper, we demonstrate that any nonlinear skinning technique can be approximated to an arbitrary degree of accuracy by linear skinning, using just a few samples of the nonlinear blending function (virtual bones). We propose an algorithm to compute this linear approximation in an automatic fashion, requiring little or no interaction with the user. This enables us to retain linear skinning at the core of our 3D engine without compromising the visual quality or character setup costs.