Gandalf: an embodied humanoid capable of real-time multimodal dialogue with people
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Augmenting Online Conversation through Automated Discourse Tagging
HICSS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'05) - Track 4 - Volume 04
Non-verbal cues for discourse structure
ACL '01 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
The Behavior Markup Language: Recent Developments and Challenges
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
The Next Step towards a Function Markup Language
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Towards a common framework for multimodal generation: the behavior markup language
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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In this paper I discuss how communicative behavior can be represented at two levels of abstraction, namely the higher level of communicative intent or function, which does not make any claims about the surface form of the behavior, and the lower level of physical behavior description, which in essence instantiates intent as a particular multimodal realization. I briefly outline the proposed SAIBA framework for multimodal generation of communicative behavior, which is an international research platform that fosters the exchange of components between different systems. The SAIBA framework currently contains a first draft of the lower level Behavior Markup Language (BML) and is starting work on the higher level Function Markup Language (FML). I also briefly explain the usefulness of this distinction by using examples of several implemented systems that each draws different strengths from it. These systems range from autonomous conversational agents to computer mediated communication.