The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Silicon sycophants: the effects of computers that flatter
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Energy consumption information services for smart home inhabitants
FIS'10 Proceedings of the Third future internet conference on Future internet
Social facilitation with social robots?
HRI '12 Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction
Designing persuasive robots: how robots might persuade people using vocal and nonverbal cues
HRI '12 Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction
Behavior change support systems: a research model and agenda
PERSUASIVE'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Persuasive Technology
PERSUASIVE'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Persuasive Technology
Behavior wizard: a method for matching target behaviors with solutions
PERSUASIVE'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Persuasive Technology
PERSUASIVE'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Persuasive Technology: design for health and safety
Designing motivation using persuasive ambient mirrors
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Effects of different robot interaction strategies during cognitive tasks
ICSR'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Social Robotics
Personalizing triggers for charity actions
PERSUASIVE'13 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Persuasive Technology
A foundation for the study of behavior change support systems
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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In this paper we explore the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by an embodied agent, on behavioral change. In a lab setting, two experiments were conducted in which participants had the opportunity to conserve energy while carrying out washing tasks with a simulated washing machine. The experiments tested the effect of positive and negative social feedback and compared these effects to more widely used factual feedback. Results of both studies indicate that social feedback has stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback (Experiment 1) and factual-evaluative feedback (Experiment 2). In addition, an effect of feedback valence was found, demonstrating more conservation actions following negative feedback (social or factual) as compared to positive feedback. Interestingly, especially negative social feedback had the strongest persuasive effects. The predicted perceived agency effect could not be demonstrated. These findings have several implications for theory and design of persuasive robotic agents.