Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Rumor routing algorthim for sensor networks
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Data Gathering Algorithms in Sensor Networks Using Energy Metrics
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
TEEN: ARouting Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
IPDPS '01 Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Event-Based Motion Control for Mobile-Sensor Networks
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Self-organized routing for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Inductive routing based on energy and delay metrics in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference
Game theoretical applications for multi-agent systems
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
On the performance evaluation of query-based wireless sensor networks
Performance Evaluation
Topology control based on optimally rigid graph in wireless sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Most routing algorithms for sensor networks focus on finding energy efficient paths to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks. As a result, the power of sensors on efficient paths depletes quickly, and consequently sensor networks become incapable of monitoring events from some parts of their target areas. In many sensor network applications, the events that must be tracked occur at random locations and have non-deterministic generation patterns. Therefore, ideally, routing algorithms should consider not only energy efficiency, but also the amount of energy remaining in each sensor, thus avoiding non-functioning sensors due to early power depletion. This paper introduces a new metric, energy cost, devised to consider a balance of sensors' remaining energies, as well as energy efficiency. This metric gives rise to the design of the distributed energy balanced routing (DEBR) algorithm devised to balance the data traffic of sensor networks in a decentralized manner and consequently prolong the lifetime of the networks. DEBR is scalable in the number of sensors and also robust to the variations in the dynamics of event generation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing three existing routing algorithms: direct communication approach, minimum transmission energy, and self-organized routing and find that energy balance should be considered to extend lifetime of sensor network and increase robustness of sensor network for diverse event generation patterns.