A First Investigation into the Effectiveness of Tactons
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Learning and Identifying Haptic Icons under Workload
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Cockpit Display Using Tactile Sensation
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
A role for haptics in mobile interaction: initial design using a handheld tactile display prototype
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Crossmodal icons for information display
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Perceptual Analysis of Haptic Icons: an Investigation into the Validity of Cluster Sorted MDS
HAPTICS '06 Proceedings of the Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Haptic phonemes: basic building blocks of haptic communication
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Designing haptic icons to support collaborative turn-taking
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Auditory icons: using sound in computer interfaces
Human-Computer Interaction
Earcons and icons: their structure and common design principles
Human-Computer Interaction
Foundations of Transparency in Tactile Information Design
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Frictional widgets: enhancing touch interfaces with programmable friction
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring the effects of cumulative contextual cues on interpreting vibrotactile messages
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
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Haptic icons are brief, meaningful tactile or force stimuli designed to support the communication of information through the often-underutilized haptic modality. Challenges to producing large, reusable sets of haptic icons include technological constraints and the need for broadly-applicable and validated design heuristics to guide the process. The largest set of haptic stimuli to date was produced through systematic use of heuristics for monotone rhythms. We hypothesized that further extending signal expressivity would continue to enhance icon learnability. Here, we introduce melody into the design of rhythmic stimuli as a means of increasing expressiveness while retaining the principle of systematic design, as guided by music theory. Haptic melodies are evaluated for their perceptual distinctiveness; experimental results from grouping tasks indicate that rhythm dominates user categorization of melodies, with frequency and amplitude potentially left available as new dimensions for the designer to control within-group variation.