Why CSCW applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Groupware: some issues and experiences
Communications of the ACM
An evaluation of earcons for use in auditory human-computer interfaces
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tivoli: an electronic whiteboard for informal workgroup meetings
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '97
An experimental study on the role of touch in shared virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction and collaborative virtual environments
Supporting presence in collaborative environments by haptic force feedback
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction and collaborative virtual environments
ICON Design: Graphic Icons in Computer Interface Design
ICON Design: Graphic Icons in Computer Interface Design
The ICON Book: Visual Symbols for Computer Systems and Documentation
The ICON Book: Visual Symbols for Computer Systems and Documentation
Ubiquitous computing within cars: designing controls for non-visual use
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Moticons: detection, distraction and task
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Notification user interfaces
Haptic Guidance: Experimental Evaluation of a Haptic Training Method for a Perceptual Motor Skill
HAPTICS '02 Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
The Hapticon Editor: A Tool in Support of Haptic Communication Research
HAPTICS '03 Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS'03)
Validity of Haptic Cues and Its Effect on Priming Visual Spatial Attention
HAPTICS '03 Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS'03)
Rapidly prototyping Single Display Groupware through the SDGToolkit
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Leveraging single-user applications for multi-user collaboration: the coword approach
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Learning and Identifying Haptic Icons under Workload
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Effectiveness of directional vibrotactile cuing on a building-clearing task
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hapticat: exploration of affective touch
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
An initial usability assessment for symbolic haptic rendering of music parameters
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Perceiving ordinal data haptically under workload
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Predictive Haptic Guidance: Intelligent User Assistance for the Control of Dynamic Tasks
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
inTouch: a medium for haptic interpersonal communication
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A role for haptics in mobile interaction: initial design using a handheld tactile display prototype
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Feel who's talking: using tactons for mobile phone alerts
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tactile crescendos and sforzandos: applying musical techniques to tactile icon design
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Perceptual Analysis of Haptic Icons: an Investigation into the Validity of Cluster Sorted MDS
HAPTICS '06 Proceedings of the Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Multidimensional tactons for non-visual information presentation in mobile devices
Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Haptic phonemes: basic building blocks of haptic communication
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Transparent adaptation of single-user applications for multi-user real-time collaboration
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Communicating emotion through a haptic link: Design space and methodology
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Matching attentional draw with utility in interruption
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Earcons and icons: their structure and common design principles
Human-Computer Interaction
The Role of Choice in Longitudinal Recall of Meaningful Tactile Signals
HAPTICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Impact of haptic warning signal reliability in a time-and-safety-critical task
HAPTICS'04 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Haptic interfaces for virtual environment and teleoperator systems
Haptically Enabled Handheld Information Display With Distributed Tactile Transducer
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Designing Large Sets of Haptic Icons with Rhythm
EuroHaptics '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios
Exploring melodic variance in rhythmic haptic stimulus design
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
Where is my team: supporting situation awareness with tactile displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Agent decision-making in open mixed networks
Artificial Intelligence
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction techniques and environments - Volume Part II
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Gesture coordination in collaborative tasks through augmented haptic feedthrough
EGVE - JVRC'10 Proceedings of the 16th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & Second Joint Virtual Reality
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Accelerative effect of tactile feedback on turn-taking control in remote verbal-communication
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) - Special issue SAP 2013
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This paper describes research exploring the use of haptics to support users collaborating remotely in a single-user shared application. Mediation of turn-taking during remote collaboration provides a context to explore haptic affordances for background communication as well as control negotiation in remote collaboration: existing turn-taking protocols are rudimentary, lacking many communication cues available in face-to-face collaboration. We therefore designed a custom turn-taking protocol that allows users to express different levels of urgency in their request for control from a collaborator; state of control and requests are communicated by touch, with the intent of offloading visual attention. To support it, we developed a set of haptic icons, tangible stimuli to which specific meanings have been assigned. Because we required an icon set which could be utilized with specified, varying levels of intrusiveness in real attentionally challenged situations, we used a perceptually guided procedure that consisted of four steps: initial icon set design, perceptual refinement, validation of learnability and effectiveness under workload, and deployment in an application simulation. We found that our haptic icons could be learned to a high degree of accuracy in under 3min and remained identifiable even under significant cognitive workload. In an exploratory observational study comparing haptic, visual, and combined haptic and visual support for our protocol, participants overall preferred the combined multi-modal support, and in particular preferred the haptic support for control changes and the visual support for displaying state. In their control negotiation, users clearly utilized the option of requesting with graded urgency. The three major contributions in this paper are: (1) the introduction and first case study using a systematic process for refining and evaluating haptic icons for background communication in a primarily visual application; (2) the usability observed for a particular set of icons designed with that process; and (3) the introduction of an urgency-based turn-taking protocol and a comparison of haptic, visual and multi-modal support of our implementation of that protocol.