A virtual environment and model of the eye for surgical simulation
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An Ocularist's Approach to Human Iris Synthesis
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An Iris Image Synthesis Method Based on PCA and Super-Resolution
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 4 - Volume 04
Real-time relief mapping on arbitrary polygonal surfaces
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Iris synthesis: a reverse subdivision application
GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Anatomically accurate modeling and rendering of the human eye
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 sketches
A model based, anatomy based method for synthesizing iris images
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
NETRA: interactive display for estimating refractive errors and focal range
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
CATRA: interactive measuring and modeling of cataracts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Realistic eye models taking into account pupil dilation and corneal reflection
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Tailored displays to compensate for visual aberrations
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Realistic eye model for embodied conversational agents
Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Facial Analysis and Animation
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We introduce a physiologically-based model for pupil light reflex (PLR) and an image-based model for iridal pattern deformation. Our PLR model expresses the pupil diameter as a function of the lighting of the environment, and is described by a delay-differential equation, naturally adapting the pupil diameter even to abrupt changes in light conditions. Since the parameters of our PLR model were derived from measured data, it correctly simulates the actual behavior of the human pupil. Another contribution of our work is a model for realistic deformation of the iris pattern as a function of pupil dilation and constriction. Our models produce high-fidelity appearance effects and can be used to produce real-time predictive animations of the pupil and iris under variable lighting conditions. We assess the predictability and quality of our simulations through comparisons of modeled results against measured data derived from experiments also described in this work. Combined, our models can bring facial animation to new photorealistic standards.