An intelligent language tutoring system
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Does feedback enhance computer-assisted language learning?
Computers & Education - Special issue on exploring the nature of research in computer-related applications in education
Designed intelligence: a language teacher model
Designed intelligence: a language teacher model
An efficient implementation of the head-corner parser
Computational Linguistics
Recognizing syntactic errors in the writing of second language learners
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
An artificial intelligence approach to language instruction
Artificial Intelligence
Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Web-Based Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Capturing the Evolution of Grammatical Knowledge in a CALL System for Deaf Learners of English
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
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One of the typical problems of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the explosive property of the parser and this is aggravated in an Intelligent Language Tutoring System (ILTS) because the grammar is unconstrained and admits even more analyses. NLP applications frequently incorporate techniques for selecting a preferred parse. Computational criteria, however, are insufficient for a pedagogic system because the parse chosen will possibly result in misleading feedback for the learner. Preferably, the analysis emphasizes language teaching pedagogy by selecting the sentence interpretation a student most likely intended. In the system described in this paper, several modules are responsible for selecting the appropriate analysis and these are informed by the Student Model. Aspects in the Student Model play an important pedagogic role in determining the desired sentence interpretation, handling multiple errors, and deciding on the level of interaction with the student.