An Algorithm for Real-Time Stereo Vision Implementation of Head Pose and Gaze Direction Measurement
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Pose Estimation using 3D View-Based Eigenspaces
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
An Evaluation of Multimodal 2D+3D Face Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Overview of the Face Recognition Grand Challenge
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Detection of Anchor Points for 3D Face Veri.cation
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Pose Angle Determination by Face, Eyes and Nose Localization
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Automatic Feature Extraction for Multiview 3D Face Recognition
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Multiple Nose Region Matching for 3D Face Recognition under Varying Facial Expression
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Combining local features for robust nose location in 3D facial data
Pattern Recognition Letters
Head gestures for perceptual interfaces: The role of context in improving recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Face Quality Assessment System in Video Sequences
Biometrics and Identity Management
Head Pose Estimation in Computer Vision: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient model-based linear head motion recovery from movies
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Head pose estimation using stereo vision for human-robot interaction
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Random Forests for Real Time 3D Face Analysis
International Journal of Computer Vision
Dynamic random regression forests for real-time head pose estimation
Machine Vision and Applications
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We present an algorithm to estimate the 3D pose (location and orientation) of a previously unseen face from low-quality range images. The algorithm generates many pose candidates from a signature to find the nose tip based on local shape, and then evaluates each candidate by computing an error function. Our algorithm incorporates 2D and 3D cues to make the system robust to low-quality range images acquired by passive stereo systems. It handles large pose variations (of ±90 ° yaw and ±45 ° pitch rotation) and facial variations due to expressions or accessories. For a maximally allowed error of 30°, the system achieves an accuracy of 83.6%.