A Method for Registration of 3-D Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
COSMOS-A Representation Scheme for 3D Free-Form Objects
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Head Pose Estimation using Fisher Manifold Learning
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International Journal of Computer Vision
Active Appearance Models Revisited
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Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition
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Randomized Trees for Real-Time Keypoint Recognition
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Detection of Anchor Points for 3D Face Veri.cation
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A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Automatic Feature Extraction for Multiview 3D Face Recognition
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Multiple Nose Region Matching for 3D Face Recognition under Varying Facial Expression
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic 3D Face Detection, Normalization and Recognition
3DPVT '06 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission (3DPVT'06)
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multi-View AAM Fitting and Construction
International Journal of Computer Vision
Multi-View AAM Fitting and Construction
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Robust Object Detection with Interleaved Categorization and Segmentation
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Automatic feature localisation with constrained local models
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Head Pose Estimation in Computer Vision: A Survey
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Face/Off: live facial puppetry
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Head Pose Estimation from Passive Stereo Images
SCIA '09 Proceedings of the 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis
Robust single-view geometry and motion reconstruction
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3-D face detection, landmark localization, and registration using a point distribution model
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Binary neural network based 3D facial feature localization
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Generic vs. person specific active appearance models
Image and Vision Computing
Automatic face segmentation and facial landmark detection in range images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Head Pose Estimation Based on Random Forests for Multiclass Classification
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
3D deformable face tracking with a commodity depth camera
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III
Head pose estimation using stereo vision for human-robot interaction
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Regression forests for efficient anatomy detection and localization in CT studies
MCV'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international MICCAI conference on Medical computer vision: recognition techniques and applications in medical imaging
Realtime performance-based facial animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Real time head pose estimation from consumer depth cameras
DAGM'11 Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Pattern recognition
Hough Forests for Object Detection, Tracking, and Action Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Real time head pose estimation with random regression forests
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Real-time human pose recognition in parts from single depth images
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Localizing parts of faces using a consensus of exemplars
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Bilinear Models for 3-D Face and Facial Expression Recognition
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A 3-D Audio-Visual Corpus of Affective Communication
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Real-time facial feature detection using conditional regression forests
CVPR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Optimal landmark detection using shape models and branch and bound
ICCV '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision
Efficient regression of general-activity human poses from depth images
ICCV '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision
Second screen interaction: an approach to infer tv watcher's interest using 3d head pose estimation
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Facial landmark localization based on hierarchical pose regression with cascaded random ferns
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Eye pupil localization with an ensemble of randomized trees
Pattern Recognition
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We present a random forest-based framework for real time head pose estimation from depth images and extend it to localize a set of facial features in 3D. Our algorithm takes a voting approach, where each patch extracted from the depth image can directly cast a vote for the head pose or each of the facial features. Our system proves capable of handling large rotations, partial occlusions, and the noisy depth data acquired using commercial sensors. Moreover, the algorithm works on each frame independently and achieves real time performance without resorting to parallel computations on a GPU. We present extensive experiments on publicly available, challenging datasets and present a new annotated head pose database recorded using a Microsoft Kinect.