Computer-controlled systems: theory and design (2nd ed.)
Computer-controlled systems: theory and design (2nd ed.)
Sensory conflict in motion sickness: an observer theory approach
Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments
On temporal-spatial realism in the virtual reality environment
UIST '91 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Modern control engineering (3rd ed.)
Modern control engineering (3rd ed.)
Virtual reality for palmtop computers
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A survey of design issues in spatial input
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Reaching for objects in VR displays: lag and frame rate
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
A 3D tracking experiment on latency and its compensation methods in virtual environments
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
Dynamic Registration Correction in Video-Based Augmented Reality Systems
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Dynamic registration correction in augmented-reality systems
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
The Effects of Metals and Interfering Fields on Electromagnetic Trackers
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Two touch system latency estimators: high accuracy and low overhead
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
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This paper describes a testbed and method for characterizing the dynamic response of the type of spatial displacement transducers commonly used in virtual environment (VE) applications. The testbed consists of a motorized rotary swing arm that imparts known displacement inputs to the VE sensor. The experimental method involves a series of tests in which the sensor is displaced back and forth at a number of controlled frequencies that span the bandwidth of volitional human movement. During the tests, actual swing arm angle and reported VE sensor displacements are collected and time stamped. Because of the time stamping technique, the response time of the sensor can be measured directly, independent of latencies in data transmission from the sensor unit and any processing by the interface applications running on the host computer. Analysis of these experimental results allows sensor time delay and gain characteristics to be determined as a function of input frequency. Results from tests of several differnt VE spatial sensors (Ascension, Logitech, and Polhemus) are presented here to demonstrate use of the testbed and method.