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UIST '91 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Musings on telepresence and virtual presence
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SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A testbed for characterizing dynamic response of virtual environment spatial sensors
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Extending Fitts' law to two-dimensional tasks
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interactive viewpoint control and three-dimensional operations
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
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ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Alice and DIVER: a software architecture for building environments
CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Color Sequences for Univariate Maps: Theory, Experiments and Principles
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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SC '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Collaboration in tele-immersive environments
EGVE '02 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2002
Critical causality in distributed virtual environments
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IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Managing temporal detail in virtual environments: relating system responsiveness to feedback
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems
Reasoning about Interactive Systems with Stochastic Models
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International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Evaluation of the effects of frame time variation on VR task performance
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
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ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
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International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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A probabilistic approach to modeling two-dimensional pointing
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
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GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and Southeast Asia
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Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
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ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
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ISMAR '06 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
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MLMI'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
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Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
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This article reports the results from three experimental studies of reaching behavior in a head-coupled stereo display system with a hand-tracking subsystem for object selection. It is found that lag in the head-tracking system is relatively unimportant in predicting performance, whereas lag in the hand-tracking system is critical. The effect of hand lag can be modeled by means of a variation on Fitts' Law with the measured system lag introduced as a multiplicative variable to the Fitts' Law index of difficulty. This means that relatively small lags can cause considerable degradation in performance if the targets are small. Another finding is that errors are higher for movement in and out of the screen, as compared to movements in the plane of the screen, and there is a small (10%) time penalty for movement in the Z direction in all three experiments. Low frame rates cause a degradation in performance; however, this can be attributed to the lag which is caused by low frame rates, particularly if double buffering is used combined with early sampling of the hand-tracking device.