High resolution virtual reality
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Evaluating 3D task performance for fish tank virtual worlds
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Surround-screen projection-based virtual reality: the design and implementation of the CAVE
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Reaching for objects in VR displays: lag and frame rate
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Communications of the ACM
Evaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing information nets in three dimensions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Flexible New Technique for Camera Calibration
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
What's Real About Virtual Reality?
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Motion Tracking: No Silver Bullet, but a Respectable Arsenal
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Elliptical Head Tracking Using Intensity Gradients and Color Histograms
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Spatial input/display correspondence in a stereoscopic computer graphic work station
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real Time Tracking and Modeling of Faces: An EKF-Based Analysis by Synthesis Approach
MPEOPLE '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Modelling People
Optical Tracking Using Projective Invariant Marker Pattern Properties
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
A vision-based head tracker for fish tank virtual reality-VR without head gear
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Fast Stereo-Based Head Tracking for Interactive Environments
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
A Stabilized Adaptive Appearance Changes Model for 3D Head Tracking
RATFG-RTS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems (RATFG-RTS'01)
Virtual Workbench: Near-Field Virtual Environment System with Applications
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Occlusion in mirror-based co-located augmented reality systems
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: IEEE VR 2005
Spatial input device structure and bimanual object manipulation in virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Future Play '07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Future Play
Optical tracking using line pencil fiducials
EGVE'04 Proceedings of the Tenth Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Lateral head tracking in desktop virtual reality
EGVE'04 Proceedings of the Tenth Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Evaluation of collaborative construction in mixed reality
EGVE'05 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Spinnstube®: a seated augmented reality display system
EGVE'07 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Usability benchmarks for motion tracking systems
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
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We present an affordable optical head tracking system for desktop-like VR/AR environments. The generic and specific head tracking requirements for these type of environments are de ned, as well as the relaxations such environments put on head tracking systems. The presented head tracker is based on two low-cost, commodity FireWire cameras that track a simple 3D dot pattern. It is shown that the tracker provides high accuracy, an update rate of 30 updates per second, a low computational load, and a moderate delay of 66 ms. It is competitive to commercially available, moderate-cost head tracking systems yet for substantially lower costs.